Pinus Pinus, Aiton

2. P. pinaster Aiton View in CoL , Hort. Kew. 3: 367 (1789).

U p to 40 m; bark becoming deeply fissured, reddish-brown. Buds oblong, fusiform, not resinous. Twigs glabrous, reddish-brown. Leaves 100-250x2 mm, in pairs, green, rigid and spiny; resin-canals 2-9, median. Cone 8-22 x 5-8 cm, conic-ovoid, symmetrical or almost so, light brown, shining; apophysis rhomboidal, keeled, with prominent, prickly umbo. Seeds 7-8 mm; wing up to 30 mm. 2«= 24. S. W. Europe, extending eastwards to S. Italy; sometimes planted elsewhere for timber, sand-binding or shelter. Co G a Hs It *Lu Sa Si [Be Br G r Ju Tu].

The following two subspecies are sometimes recognized but the distinguishing characters of (b) may be partly the result of modification due to cultivation of the Mediterranean plant on Atlantic coasts.