Juniperus L.

5. Juniperus L. View in CoL 2

Monoecious or dioecious; trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, acicular or scale-like; always acicular on young plants; frequently all scale-like in mature plants, or all acicular, or a combination of both. Cones axillary or terminal, ripening in the first, second or third year, usually ovoid to globose, indehiscent, berry-like; cone-scales fleshy, coalescent. Seeds ovoid or oblong, angled or terete, 1-12 in each cone, never winged.

5-10 are sometimes placed in a separate genus Sabina Miller , with leaves usually all or partly scale-like (or if acicular then not jointed at the base), winter buds not distinct and flowers terminal. 1 All leaves in whorls of 3, acicular, rigid, jointed at the base; cones axillary

2 Maleconesinaxillaryfascicles;femalecone 20-25 mm; seeds united to form a stone 1. drupacea 2 Maleflowerssolitary,axillary;femalecone 6-15mm, seedsfree

3 Leaves with one broad stomatiferous band above (which is rarely divided by a faint midrib in the basal half); cone

6-9 mm, black when ripe 2. communis 3 Leaves with two stomatiferous bands above; cone 6-15 mm, reddish-brown to dark purple when ripe

4 Leaves loosely set, patent 3. oxycedrus 4 Leaves closely set, strongly incurved and subimbricate

4. brevifolia 1 Leaves of two kinds: in juvenile plants acicular and patent; in adult scale-like and imbricate (rarely acicular and then not jointed at base); cones terminal

5 Acicularleavesusuallyin whorlsof 3;scale-like leavesobtuse, with a narrow but distinct scarious border; ripe cone dark red 5. phoenicea 5 Acicular leavesdecussate(inwhorlsof 3 onleadingshoots); scale-like leaves without a scarious border; ripe cone dark purple or blackish

6 Ripe cone 7-12 mm

7 Twigs 1 mm wide, quadrangular; scale-like leaves 1 -5-

2 mm, acute or acuminate; seeds 1 -4

8 Twigs distichously arranged; cone dark purple, pruinose;

seeds 2-4 6. thurifera 8 Twigs irregularly arranged; cone almost black; seeds 1-2,

rarely 3 7. foetidissima 7 Twigs 0-6-0- 8 mm, in diameter, terete; scale-like leaves

1-1-5 mm, acute; cone dark purplish-brown; seeds 4-6

8. excelsa 6 Ripe cone 4-6 mm

9 Scale-like leaves appressed, not free at the apex, obtuse to subacute; cone subglobose, on short, recurved stalk; shrub 9. sabina

9 Scale-like leaves free at the apex, acute to acuminate; cone ovoid, on erect or patent stalk; tree up to 30 m 10. virginiana