Dryopteris Dryopteris, S. Walker Dryopteris Dryopteris, (Aiton) O. Kuntze Dryopteris Dryopteris, (L.) Schott Gymnocarpium Newman Gymnocarpium Gymnocarpium, (L.) Newman Gymnocarpium Gymnocarpium, (Hoffm.) Newman

8. D. assimilis S. Walker , Amer. Jour. Bot. 48: 607 (1961).

Very like 7 but lamina light green; proximal basiscopic pinnule of the basal pinna at least 4 as long as the pinna; spores pale brown, with acute tubercles. 2n = 82. • Mountains o f Scandinavia, Scotland, Germany, Switzerland and probably elsewhere. Br Ge He H u N o Su.

9. D. aemula (Aiton) O. Kuntze , Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 ’. 812 (1891).

Rhizome erect or ascending. Leaves 15-60cm, tufted; petiole about as long as lamina; scales narrowly lanceolate, concolorous, reddish-brown; lamina triangular-ovate to -lanceolate, bright green, with minute sessile glands on both surfaces, fragrant, 3- to 4-pinnate; pinnae 15-20 on each side, stalked, triangular-ovate to -lanceolate, pinnate; pinnules triangular-ovate to lanceolate or oblong, the basal very shortly stalked, the others sessile, pinnate; pinnules of the third or fourth order with upturned margins, pinnately toothed. Sori 0-5-1 mm in diameter; indusium with sessile glands. 2/7 = 82. W. Europe, from Açores and N.W. Spain to N. W. Scotland. Az Br G a Hb Hs.

10. D. fragrans (L.) Schott , Gen. Fil. t. 9 (1834).

Rhizome short and thick, more or less vertical. Leaves (5-)10-20(-40) x 3-4 cm, tufted; petiole up to | as long as lamina, scales concolorous, shining, brown or reddish; lamina lanceolate, green, covered with minute glands, fragrant, pinnate; pinnae 15-40 on each side, lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, often inrolled at the margin. Rocks and screes. Arctic Finland (Utsjoki); N. Ural. Fe Rs (N). (A. Asia, Japan, N. America.)

3. Gymnocarpium Newman 1

Rhizomes slender, creeping; scales on younger part only, light brown, broadly ovate, fringed with papillae. Leaves solitary, in two ranks, erect; petiole l |- 3 times as long as lamina, blackish-brown below, brownish-yellow above; lamina deltate; veins free. Sori submarginal, round or elongated, often confluent; indusiumabsent. Leaves glabrous, eglandular, bright green 1. dryopteris Leaves with short glandular hairs, dull green 2. robertianum

1. G. dryopteris (L.) Newman , Phytologist 4: 371 (1851)

( Dryopteris linneana C.Chr. , Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée , Polypodium dryopteris L. , Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory , Nephrodium dryopteris (L.) Michx ).

Rhizome far-creeping. Leaves 10- 40 cm, rolled up when young so as to form three small balls; petiole glabrous, with few scales near the base; lamina up to 30 cm wide, markedly deflexed, light green, glabrous; pinnae linear-lanceolate, opposite, pinnately lobed; each of lowest pair of pinnae often as large as rest of lamina, triangular, pinnate, basiscopic pinnule larger than acroscopic; ultimate segments more or less oblong, entire, toothed or lobed. 2« =160. Woods, and shady places amongst rocks. Most o f Europe, but rare in the south. All except Az Bl Lu Sa Sb Si Tu.

2. G. robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman , Phytologist 4: 371 (1851)

( Dryopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) C.Chr. , Phegopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) A. Braun , Polypodium robertianum Hoffm. , Lastrea robertiana (Hoffm.) Newman , Nephrodium robertianum (Hoffm.) Prantl ).

Very like 1, but leaves usually 15-60 cm, rolled up when young to form a single ball; petiole sparsely glandular below but increasingly glandular towards apex; lamina not obviously deflexed, dull green, with shortly-stalked glands on rhachis, veins and under surface; each of lowest pair of pinnae smaller than rest of lamina. 2/7=160-168. Limestone rocksand Screes, in less shaded situations than 1. Most o f Europe, but usually local, and absent from considerable areas; rare in the Mediterranean region. Al Au Be Br Bu Co Cz Fe G a Ge G r Hb He H o Hs H u It Ju No Po Rm Rs (N, B, C, W, K) Su.