Eurema albula albula

Eurema albula albula View in CoL

( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ; Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ). Chorion 1230 µm long and 350 wide, 3.5 times longer than its maximum width at the equator ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ), and approximate ratio w/l of 2/7 (h=20). Color N 00 A 10 M 00. Semifusiform —somewhat oblong—with a weak, slightly convex base and convex apex ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ); the basal region is slightly wider than the apical one ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ). The rosette shows three petals with barely visible lateral walls barely anchored to the triangular micropylar polygon, which is on the same visual plane and exhibits one micropylar opening per vertex ( Fig. 9 A View FIGURE 9 ). A foil of the wreath appears to reach the polygon but does not make contact with it ( Fig. 9 A – i View FIGURE 9 ). The petals show incipient roughness in the parts closest to the wreath, as well as twice the width of the foils ( Fig. 9 A – B View FIGURE 9 ). The perimicropylar region has an irregular wreath of 22 curved-edged foils within two poorly defined semirings (one of them incomplete); the foils closer to the rosette are irregular and rounded, whereas those closest to the apical polygons show four to six sides ( Fig. 9 B View FIGURE 9 ). All foils have a pinpoint texture similar to an orange peel ( Fig. 9 B View FIGURE 9 – ii) and walls of the same thickness as the petals and the more apical polygons. The transition zone is absent around wreath ( Fig. 9 B – C View FIGURE 9 ). The apical polygons are rectangular or irregularly pentagonal, with semi-elliptical aeropyles at their vertices ( Fig. 9 C View FIGURE 9 ). There are 10–11 aeropyles on the vertices in an apex-equator direction ( Fig. 9 C View FIGURE 9 ). The polygons closest to the wreath exhibit a rough striated texture in their lumen and a subtle micro-grid of 4–6 rounded polygons per macro-grid cell ( Fig. 9 D View FIGURE 9 – iii). Towards the equator, there are 20–22 axes in lateral view (39–43 in total), with fusions and bifurcations in any area of the chorion ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ), and 61–66 mostly straight ribs— although diagonal and slightly curved ribs are recorded throughout the exochorion ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ). The axes protrude slightly from the chorionic wall, while the ribs and micro-grid remain in the same visual plane ( Fig. 9 E View FIGURE 9 ). The ribs are twice as thick as the micro-grid, so they are easily differentiated by staining and SEM techniques ( Figs. 4 E View FIGURE 4 , 9 E View FIGURE 9 ). Most macro-grid cells are irregularly quadrangular ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ) with constant amplitude, although smaller at the apex ( Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ). The micro-grid exhibits on average six elliptical to quadrangular curved edges polygons per macro-grid cell and no texture ( Fig. 9 E View FIGURE 9 ). Both grids maintain their thickness from pole to pole ( Fig. 9 F View FIGURE 9 )—although the axes protrude less towards the prebase—and both blurred at the base, where only exhibit a rough texture ( Fig. 9 F View FIGURE 9 – iv). No basal aeropyles are recorded ( Fig. 9 F View FIGURE 9 ).

Eurema albula albula :

Ecuador: Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Jesús del Gran Poder, Bosque en recuperación Tanti (0°18’25” S, 79°03’26” W), 867 msnm, 15-IV-2011, J. Llorente y C. Hernández-Mejía (ABD-188) GoogleMaps ; Ecuador: Pichincha: Unión del Toachi, Estación de Campo Otongachi (0°19’15” S, 78°57’06” W), 700 msnm, 19-IV-2011, J. Llorente y C. Hernández-Mejía (ABD-217) GoogleMaps .