Karnyothrips maculatus, Okajima & Masumoto, 2025

Karnyothrips maculatus sp. n.

( Figs 25 View FIGURES 21–30 , 128–133 View FIGURES 128–133 )

Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.6–2.0mm. Bicolored species ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 21–30 ). Head largely yellow, but brownish anteriorly; pro- and mesothorax, posterior portion of abdominal segment I, anterior half of abdominal segment II and tube brown; metathorax yellow, often tinged with pale brown; posterior half of abdominal segment II yellow, segments III–IX largely yellow, but segments III–VIII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture, anterior segments shaded with brown anterolaterally. Fore femora brown with apical one-thirds yellowish, mid and hind femora yellowish, shaded with pale brown; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segment I pale brown, segments IV–VIII brown, segments II and III yellow, often tinged with pale brown. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide ( Fig. 128 View FIGURES 128–133 ), 1.36 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, serrate. Postocular setae almost as long as eyes or a little longer, expanded at apex, about 90µm apart from each other, 10–12µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-fourth of head length, 0.24–0.25 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli reduced. Antennae about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 128–133 ), weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III almost as long as segment VII; segment IV the longest ( Fig. 133 View FIGURES 128–133 ); segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, narrowly apart at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width, or a little narrower, 20µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.48 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; ml shorter than aa, pa almost as long as epim, often longer than epim. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra much wider than long; mesopresternum divided into lateral two triangle plates; prospinasternum irregularly shaped, relatively large, about 40µm wide in holotype ( Fig. 130 View FIGURES 128–133 ). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticules; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, but longer than 20µm, 43µm apart from each other, 35–36µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta trapezoid ( Fig. 131 View FIGURES 128–133 ), sculptured weakly, 1.18 times as wide as long in holotype. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of small wing-retaining setae, but variable in shape and length. Tergite IX S1 setae expanded, a little shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube. Tube longer than half of head length, 0.55 times as long as head in holotype, 1.70 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube, 1.96 times in holotype.

Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1780 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 156, width across eyes 114, maximum width across cheeks 122; eyes length 40–41; postocular setae 44. Maxillary bridge width 21. Antenna total length 320, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (25), 45 (27), 40 (25), 37 (21), 40 (20), 28 (11). Pronotum length 118, width 175. Setae on prothorax: aa 40–44, ml 30–36, pa 45–46, epim 47–50. Pelta length 68, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S1 82–84, S2 about 100. Tube length 92, maximum width 54; terminal setae 180.

Non-paratypic female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 2.1mm. Color very similar to micropterous female; fore wing shaded with grayish brown, but basal 1/5 paler. Head 1.47 times as long as wide ( Fig. 129 View FIGURES 128–133 ); eyes about 1/3 of head width; ocelli well developed, posterior pair in contact with eyes, 21µm apart from each other. Metanotum sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation, median pair of setae 27–31µm in length, 40µm apart from each other, 46–47µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 5–6 duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae expanded, S3 elongate.

Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2100 (distended). Head length 202, from anterior margin of eyes 188, width across eyes 133, maximum width across cheeks 137; eyes length 66; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–16; postocular setae 45. Maxillary bridge width 33. Antenna total length 345, segments III–VIII length as follows: 45, 50, 42, 42, 42, 28. Pronotum length 137, width 188. Setae on prothorax: aa 40–43, ml about 40, pa 47–50, epim 56–58. Fore wing length 760. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 45, S2?, S3 57 –64. Pelta length 68, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 83–84, S2 122–130. Tube length 102, maximum width 57; terminal setae?.

Male. Unknown.

Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 27.viii.1990, TN & SO . Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland , 2 females (mic.), collected together with holotype ; 6 females (mic.), same locality and habitat, 25.viii.1990 ; 2 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 26.viii.1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Tanah Rata, Robinson water fall, on dead leaves and branches, 28.viii.1990, TN & SO; 2 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Jasar, on unknown plant (? Poaceae ), 29.viii.1990, TN & SO; 3 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 30.viii.1990, TN & SO; 2 females (mic.), Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18.ix.1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), Fraser’s Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1990, TN & SO.

Non-paratypic specimens. Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Bedugul , 1250m alt ., 1 female (mac.) and 2 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 10.viii.2005, 1 female (mac.) and 2 females (mic.), on dead branches with moss, 12.iii.2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Jatiluwih, Peteli Temple , 915m alt., 19.viii.2005 , SO; 1 female (mic.), Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur , 780m alt., habitat uncertain, 4.ix.2005 , SO; 1 female (mic.), data very similar to above, but 4.ix.2006; 2 females (mic.), Tabanan, Batu Sesa , 1250m alt., 14.viii.2006 , SO; Buleleng, Yehketipat , 1410– 1550m alt ., 1 female (mac.) and 6 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 8.iii.2005, 3 females (mic.), on dead branches, 12.viii.2005, SO.

Doubtful-specimens. Indonesia, Bali, 1 female (mic.), Tabanan, Batu Sesa , 1270m alt., habitat uncertain, 14.viii.2005, SO .

Comments. This species is described based on several micropterous females and males collected from the mountainous area of Peninsular Malaysia, and is very similar to K. submaculatus sp. n. from Taiwan described below. However, it is easily distinguished by having the head largely yellow but shaded anteriorly with brown (uniformly brown in submaculatus ) and antennal segment IV with four (2+2 +1) major sense cones (with two (1+1 +1) in submaculatus ). Despite the sense cone formula being dissimilar, these two species may be closely related. Moreover, both of them were collected mainly from dead leaves and branches of ever-green trees, not from bamboo or grasses. The macropterous and micropterous females collected from mountainous area of Bali Is., listed in the non-paratypic specimens may represent this species. Moreover, one macropterous female and eight micropterous females among these have the heads entirely brown and very similar to submaculatus in appearance, whereas they have four major sense cones on antennal segment IV instead of two. Therefore, there is a slight possibility that these specimens may represent a distinct species.