Karnyothrips quadriconus, Okajima & Masumoto, 2025

Karnyothrips quadriconus sp. n.

(Figs 31,176–181)

Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.9mm. Brown species ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 31–40 ). Intermediate abdominal segments a little paler than head, anterior portion of each segment slightly paler. All femora brown, with apices yellowish; fore tibiae yellowish, slightly tinged with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennae largely brown, segments I and IV – VIII brown; segment II brown, slightly paler distally; segment III brownish yellow, with basal half yellow. Fore wings slightly shaded with brown distally; major body setae pale. Head 1.56 times as long as wide ( Fig. 176 View FIGURES 176–181 ), widest at the middle, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 101µm apart from each other, 14–15µm apart from eyes. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 37µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII scarcely constricted at extreme base ( Fig. 180 View FIGURES 176–181 ), narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.64 times as long as VII; segment VII a little shorter than III; segment IV the longest ( Fig. 181 View FIGURES 176–181 ); segment III usually with two (1+1) sense cones, but rarely with three (1+2), segment IV with four, (2+2 +1) or (2+2), major sense cones. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance about one-fifth of head width, 25µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.65 times as long as head, 1.28 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; ml and pa subequal in length, aa a little shorter than pa, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum relatively small, fan-shaped, 35µm wide in holotype ( Fig. 178 View FIGURES 176–181 ). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20µm in length, 47µm apart from each other, 43–45µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S2 a little shorter than S1, S3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid ( Fig. 179 View FIGURES 176–181 ), relatively wide, sculptured weakly, about 1.38 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S2 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube about 0.48 times as long as head, 1.83 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube, or a little longer .

Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 200, from anterior margin of eyes 184, width across eyes 122, maximum width across cheeks 128, minimum width across base 106; eyes length 58; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–12; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 33. Antenna total length 320, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (24), 45 (25), 40 (22), 35 (21), 39 (20), 25 (11). Pronotum length 130, width 166. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml 35, pa 34–35, epim 50. Fore wing length 660. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –33, S2 28 –30, S3 37. Pelta length 63, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S1 70–75, S2 115. Tube length 95, maximum width 52; terminal setae 190–195.

Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.8–1.9mm. very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, widest at the level of postocular setae; antennal segment VII a little longer than III; maxillary stylets relatively wider apart, their distance one-fourth of head width. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head. Pelta somewhat wider, 1.4–1.6 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of wing-retaining setae. Tube about half as long as head; terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, usually more than 2.1 times as long as tube.

Measurements (paratype micropterous female in µm). Body length 1850 (distended). Head length 186, from anterior margin of eyes 173, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 123, minimum width across base 102; eyes length 54; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–10; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 37. Antenna total length 313, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 36 (25), 43 (26), 37 (23), 36 (20), 39 (19), 26 (11). Pronotum length 128, width 158. Setae on prothorax: aa 25, ml?23, pa 35, epim 47–48. Pelta length 58, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 72–73, S2 115–120. Tube length 92, maximum width 51; terminal setae 198.

Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.4–1.7mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure. Maxillary stylets somewhat wider apart ( Fig. 177 View FIGURES 176–181 ), their distance about one-third of head width.

Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 168, width across eyes 112, maximum width across cheeks 116, minimum width across base 95; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 7–12; postocular setae 35–37. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 305, segments III–VIII length as follows: 38, 42, 37, 36, 39, 24. Pronotum length 124, width 155. Setae on prothorax: aa 32, ml 35, pa 38–40, epim 47–49. Pelta length 56, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S1 about 60, S2 30. Tube length 87, maximum width 48; terminal setae 180.

Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Taitung Hsien, Chihpen , on dead wood, 10.ix.1993, TN & SO . Paratypes: Taiwan, 1 female (mac.) , 6 females (mic.) and 14 males (mic.), collected together with holotype ; 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), same locality as holotype , on fungus, 5.ix.1993, TN; 4 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei , on dead branches, 5.ix.1993, TN & SO ; 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi , on dead leaves and branches, 30.iii.1984, SO ; 2 males (mic.), Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin , on dead leaves and branches, 1.iv.1993, TN & SO .

Comments. This species is described based on two macropterous females and a good number of micropterous females and males collected on dead wood and dead leafy branches in Taiwan. It is very similar to K. formosanus sp. n. also from Taiwan described above in general structures. However, formosanus has mid and hind tibiae tinged with brown and antennal segment III weakly swollen sub-basally ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 92–97 ), whereas quadriconus has mid and hind tibiae yellow and antennal segment III not swollen ( Fig. 181 View FIGURES 176–181 ). It is also very similar to K. simpliceps sp. n. described from Peninsular Malaysia. However, quadriconus has antennal segment IV with four major sense cones, (2+2) or (2+2 +1), whereas simpliceps has three major sense cones, (1+2). Moreover, it is very interesting that in this species antennal segment III usually has two (1+1) sense cones, but rarely has three (1+2) sense cones. Even in the holotype female, the right antennal segment III has three sense cones despite the left one has two.