Karnyothrips brevipilosus, Okajima & Masumoto, 2025

Karnyothrips brevipilosus sp. n.

( Figs 15 View FIGURES 6–20 , 68–73 View FIGURES 68–73 )

Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.0– 2.4mm. Bicolored species ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 6–20 ). Head, thorax, abdominal segments VIII–IX and tube brown to dark brown, but abdominal segment VIII with anterior portion yellowish; abdominal segments I–VII largely yellow, segments III–VII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture. Fore femora brown, almost concolorous with head, with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora yellowish, often slightly tinged with pale brown; fore tibiae yellow, often slightly shaded with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow; all tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and VII–VIII pale brown, a little paler than head, segment II yellow, shaded brown basally, segments III yellow, segments IV–VI brownish yellow to yellowish brown, gradually darkened distally, each with base scarcely paler. Wings and major body setae pale. Head 1.50–1.56 times as long as broad ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 68–73 ), 1.55 times in holotype, widest across before the middle of cheeks, dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae or wrinkles at middle between postocular setae, with transverse reticules at extreme base. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 150µm apart from each other, 18–21µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third as long as head, 0.31 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair 40µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head, 1.57 times in holotype; segment VIII relatively slender ( Fig. 72 View FIGURES 68–73 ), very weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, 0.64–0.67 times as long as VII; segments III and IV subequal in length ( Fig. 73 View FIGURES 68–73 ), almost as long as segment VII, or a little longer; segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1+1) and (1+1 +1) respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, not reaching eyes, close together medially, closer than one-fifth of head width, 22µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.7–0.8 times as long as head, 1.18 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa longer than aa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures incomplete. Prospinasternum moderately large, rhomboid, about 40µm wide; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates or narrowly boat-shaped ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 68–73 ). Metanotum almost smooth medially; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20µm long, 53µm apart from each other, 58–60µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 2–6 duplicated cilia, 5–6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S2 the shortest. Pelta trapezoid ( Fig 71 View FIGURES 68–73 ), sculptured weakly, 1.20–1.35 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae sharply pointed, S1 a little longer than tube, at least shorter than 1.3 times as long as tube, S2 much longer than S1. Tube 0.42–0.45 times as long as head, 1.65 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae 1.8–2.0 times as long as tube.

Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2400 (distended). Head length 249, from anterior margin of eyes 228, width across eyes 157, maximum width across cheeks 161; eyes length 76–77, width 44–45; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–14; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 28. Antenna total length 390, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 53 (26), 55 28), 50 (25), 46 (20), 51 (20), 33 (12). Pronotum length 174, width 206. Setae on prothorax: aa about 33, ml 35–40, pa 35–40, epim 58–60. Fore wing length 840. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 35 –37, S2 28 –30, S3 36 –37. Pelta length 83, width 102. Tergite IX setae: S1 125–130, S2 180. Tube length 105, maximum width 62; terminal setae 180–192.

Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. very similar in color and structure to micropterous female. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 68–73 ); maxillary stylets wider apart, 0.25–0.35 times as wide as head; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum a little shorter than 0.7 times as long as head. Tergite IX S1 setae a little longer than tube. A paratype male has right S1 setae on the tergite IX expanded at apex despite left one is pointed.

Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1670 (distended). Head length 197, from anterior margin of eyes 180, width across eyes 126, maximum width across cheeks 130; eyes length 62; diameter of posterior ocelli 9–11; postocular setae 30–35. Maxillary bridge width 58. Antenna total length 320, segments III–VIII length as follows: 47, 48, 43, 58, 40, 27. Pronotum length 130, width 163. Setae on prothorax: aa about 20, ml 20–25, pa about 30, epim 35–38. Fore wing length 650. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 26 –27, S2 17 –22, S3 25 –27. Pelta length 62, width 75. Tergite IX setae: S1 92, S2 33 –34. Tube length 93, maximum width 44; terminal setae 170.

Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa , on dead leaves and branches, 6.viii.2000, SO . Paratypes: Vietnam, 6 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phgu Loc Dist., Bach Ma Nat. Park, ca 1150 alt, on bamboo, 14.viii.2007, SO; 2 females (mac.), Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc. , Dam Bri , on bamboo, 27.xii.2001, SO. Peninsular Malaysia, 5 females (mac.), Tapah, on bamboo, 17.ix.1990, TN & SO; same locality as above, 1 female (mac.), on grass, 26.vii.1976, SO; 2 males (mac.), Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang , on dead leaves and branches, 27.viii.1990, TN & SO. Borneo, 1 female (mac.), Sabah, nr. Keningau , Taman Bunsit , on bamboo, 2.ix.1991, TN & SO . Indonesia, Bali, 3 females (mac.), Peliatan, alt. about 220m, on bamboo, 24.vii.1984, SO; 6 females (mac.), Tabanan, near Wangaya , Pura Jero , Sasah , on bamboo, 4.ix.2005, SO; Tabanan, Jatiluwih, Peteli Temple, on bamboo, 5 females (mac.), 13.viii.2005, 3 females (mac.), 13.viii.2006, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan , Muncak Sari , Pura Luhur , 755 alt., 3.ix.2006, SO; 2 females (mac.) . Indonesia, Java, 6 females (mac.), Melang, Batu, Pujon , ca 975m alt., on bamboo, 22.viii.2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Malang, Wono-koyo, ca 1150m alt., 23.viii.2005, SO; 8 females (mac.), Malang, Sawo Sajar, ca 450m alt., on bamboo, 24.viii.2005, SO; 2 females (mac.), Malang, Buring, 515 alt., on bamboo, 24.Viii.2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Banyuwangi, Kalibaru, 470m alt., on bamboo, 26.viii.2005, SO; 8 females (mac.), Banyuwangi , Malan Sari , ca 410m alt., on bamboo, 27.viii-2005, SO . Taiwan, 2 females (mac.), Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, on bamboo, 5.ix.1993, TN & SO; 6 females (mac.), Taitung Hsien, Chihpen , on bamboo, 10.ix.1993, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi , on dead branches, 30.iii.1984, SO; 2 females (mac.), Taipei Hsien , Mt. Tatung shan, on grass, 4.iv.1984, SO .

Comments. This species is described based on a long series of macropterous females and males collected from both dead leafy branches and Poaceae (= bamboo and grass) in somewhat wide range between Southeast Asia and Taiwan. It is very similar to K. melaleucus in color and structure, and there is a possibility that these two species have previously been confused. However, it can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of melaleucus ): abdominal segment VIII largely brown with anterior portion yellowish (largely yellow, often tinged with brown); head very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at middle (almost smooth); maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, 22–27µm apart from each other at middle in female (barely reaching eyes, 13– 22µm apart); mesopresternum very narrow at middle, often scarcely divided (broader at middle); sub-basal wing setae S1 longer than S3 (S3 longer than S1); S1 setae on tergite IX about 1.2 times as long as tube or shorter (1.3–1.4 times as long as tube or longer). The color pattern of this species is also similar to K. franciscanus Hood from Brazil (Hood, 1949; Mound & Marullo, 1996), but that has tergite IX S1 setae expanded. Moreover, this species is more closely related to apoensis newly described above from the Philippines rather than melaleucus . The paratype females collected from other than Vietnam have the head somewhat shorter, but all other character states are quite indistinguishable. Two paratype males from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, have the bodies somewhat darker. This species has been collected usually together with K. melaleucus from bamboo or grasses.