Lasianthus

Sect. II. Lasianthus View in CoL

– sect. Bracteatae Hook.f. (1880) 179, nom. illeg. — Type: Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack.

– sect. Pedunculatae Hook.f. (1880) 190. — Type: Lasianthus biermannii King ex Hook.f. (lecto,designated by Gangopadhyay & Chakrabarty 1992).

Key to the species

1. Cymes sessile, subsessile or shortly tuberculate...... 2

1. Cymes conspicuously pedunculate, peduncles more than 1 mm long................................... 31

2. Bracts longer than 5 mm ......................... 3

2. Bracts shorter than 5 mm ....................... 17

3. Leaves with subcordate or rounded, more or less oblique bases........................................ 4

3. Leaves with cuneate or acute, equal-sided bases...... 9

4. Leaf nerves conspicuously depressed above, 10–13 pairs; drupes glabrous.................. 33. L. crassinervis View in CoL

4. Leaf nerves flat or slightly prominent above, usually less than 10 pairs; drupes hairy or glabrous.............. 5

5. Plants glabrous; leaves with a faint intramarginal vein; bracts coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to oblong, obtuse at the apex; calyx lobes oblong to oblong-ovate, obtuse at the apex 30. L. cordatus View in CoL

5. At least stipules and bracts hirsute; leaves without an intramarginal vein; bracts chartaceous, not oblong-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate or acute at the apex; calyx lobes triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex........ 6

6. Branches glabrous, enlarged (swollen) at nodes; leaves hirsute on midrib and nerves beneath, obovate to obovate-oblong, coriaceous; drupes glabrous...... 106. L. rigidus View in CoL

6. Branches usually densely tomentose or villous, not enlarged (swollen) at nodes; leaves usually densely tomentose, villous or setaceous beneath, usually oblong, membranaceous or chartaceous; drupes hairy....................... 7

7. Branchlets densely spreading villous; bracts paired, with a long linear apex............... 113. L. sogerensis View in CoL

7. Branchlets densely tomentose; hairs not spreading; bracts not paired, but numerous, acuminate.............. 8

8. Bracts cordate to broadly lanceolate, somewhat leaf-like.............................. 37. L. cyanocarpus View in CoL

8. Bracts linear to lanceolate, not leaf-like.. 6. L. attenuatus View in CoL

9. Branchlets and leaves usually stiffly rusty-hirsute; bracts large, cordate, orbicular, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, leaf-like, more than 1 cm broad............ 56. L. hirsutus View in CoL

9. Branchlets and leaves not stiffly rusty-hirsute; bracts relatively small, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, linear or subulate, less than 0.5 cm broad................ 10

10. Bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, with a conspicuous midrib...................................... 11

10. Bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, without a conspicuous midrib...................................... 12

11. Branchlets thinly appressed-pubescent; leaves narrowly oblong, less than 3 cm broad, thinly appressed-pubescent on midrib and nerves beneath; bracts 2 in each axil, oblong-lanceolate, less than 2 mm broad, glabrous above, appressed-pubescent hairs on midrib and margin beneath.......................... 86. L. oblongatus View in CoL

11. Branchlets densely brown-hirsute; leaves oblong-elliptic, more than 3 cm broad, densely hirsute beneath; bracts numerous, lanceolate, more than 2 mm broad, hirsute............................. 36. L. cyanocarpoides View in CoL

12. Stipules ovate-triangular, up to 7 mm long............................................ 40. L. ellipticus View in CoL

12. Stipules not ovate-triangular, relatively small, less than 4 mm long or inconspicuous.................... 13

13. Bracts linear-lanceolate; drupes glabrous.......................................... 112. L. sikkimensis View in CoL

13. Bracts filiform or subulate-linear; drupes hairy...... 14

14. Bracts filiform, more than 8 mm long, forming a dense head.................................. 34. L. crinitus View in CoL

14. Bracts subulate-linear, not forming a dense head.... 15

15. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, less than 3 cm broad................................ 32. L. coronatus View in CoL

15. Leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate-elliptic, more than 3 cm broad...................................... 16

16. Branchlets spreading tomentose; leaves elliptic, spreading tomentose beneath............... 69. L. ledermannii View in CoL

16. Branchlets subglabrous or appressed-pubescent; leaves obovate-elliptic, appressed-pubescent or subglabrous beneath......................... 13. L. bracteolatus View in CoL

17. Leaves very large, 22– 30 by 7–12 cm; drupes verrucose, with 6 conspicuous ridges......... 76. L. megaphyllus View in CoL

17. Leaves less than 20 cm long, less than 6 cm broad; drupes without 6 conspicuous ridges................... 18

18. Leaves thickly coriaceous; bracts 2, spatulate-obovate, 3 by 2 mm; flowers 4-merous; drupes 3–4....................................... 88. L. obovatibracteatus View in CoL

18. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous; bracts more than 2, not spatulate-obovate; flowers 4–6-merous; drupes 4–5. 19

19. Leaves coriaceous; bracts orbicular or ovate-orbicular 20

19. Leaves chartaceous, membranaceous or subcoriaceous; bracts neither orbicular nor ovate-orbicular......... 21

20. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, 8 –11 by 1.5 cm with deeply depressed midrib and nerves above; calyx lobes ovate, longer than the tube........... 38. L. depressineurus View in CoL

20. Leaves relatively large, more than 10 cm long and more than 2.5 cm broad; midrib and nerves not depressed above; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, not longer than the tube................................... 60. L. inodorus View in CoL

21. Branchlets and leaves glabrous; stipules and bracts glabrous except barbate margins.......... 8. L. barbatus View in CoL

21. Branchlets and leaves hairy beneath; stipules and bracts hairy....................................... 22

22. Stipules more than 5 mm long; bracts ovate or ovate-triangular..................................... 23

22. Stipules less than 5 mm long; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate.......................... 25

23. Leaves with acute bases; nerves 3– 6 pairs; petioles 1.5– 2 cm long; bracts small, less than 2 mm long; calyx lobes triangular, 1.5 mm long, glabrous internal surface; drupes conspicuously 5 – 8-ridged......... 85. L. obliquinervis View in CoL

23. Leaves with cuneate to obtuse bases; nerves 8 –10 pairs; petioles less than 1 cm long; bracts longer than 2 mm; calyx lobes lanceolate, longer than 1.5 mm, hirsute both surfaces; drupes without conspicuous ridges....... 24

24. Densely spreading tomentose hairs on branches, leaves beneath, stipules, bracts, calyx and drupes........................................... 89. L. obscurus View in CoL

24. Thinly appressed-pubescent hairs on branches, leaves beneath, stipules, bracts and calyx; drupes subglabrous............................. 23. L. chrysoneurus View in CoL

25. Stipules triangular; branchlets and leaves beneath appressed-pubescent or puberulous; nervules parallel, bracts lanceolate to subulate; drupes with 4 pyrenes...... 26

25. Stipules lanceolate, linear, subulate or inconspicuous; branchlets and leaves beneath hirsute or tomentose; nervules parallel or reticulate; bracts linear, linear-lanceolate or linear-subulate; drupes with 4 or more pyrenes... 27

26. Branchlets, leaf venation beneath, stipules and bracts appressed-puberulous; drupes glabrous except persistent calyx lobes.................. 50. L. foxworthyanus View in CoL

26. Branchlets, leaf venation beneath, stipules and bracts very densely appressed-pubescent; drupes puberulous........................................ 80. L. mollis View in CoL

27. Leaf base cordate or slightly cordate and more or less oblique; nerves more than 12 pairs; calyx lobes up to 5 mm long; corolla up to 1.5 cm long...... 97. L. pilosus View in CoL

27. Leaf base cuneate, acute or subrounded, not oblique; nerves less than 10 pairs; calyx lobes less than 5 mm long; corolla less than 1.2 cm long.................... 28

28. Leaves more than 13 cm long; bracts numerous; fruits verrucose.............................. 104. L. ridleyi View in CoL

28. Leaves less than 12 cm long; bracts not numerous; drupes smooth.................................... 29

29. Leaves subrounded at base; stipules inconspicuous; bracts linear-lanceolate; pyrenes 8.......... 4. L. appressus View in CoL

29. Leaves cuneate or acute at base; stipules linear-subulate or narrowly lanceolate; bracts linear; pyrenes 5 – 6... 30

30. Leaves lanceolate; leaf nervules strongly reticulate; calyx lobes lanceolate, c. 2.5 mm long......... 98. L. politus View in CoL

30. Leaves oblong or elliptic oblong; leaf nervules parallel; calyx lobes linear, 3–4 mm long... 122. L. sylvestroides View in CoL

31. Peduncles usually more than 4 cm long........... 32

31. Peduncles usually less than 4 cm long............ 33

32. Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate; nerves 4–6 pairs; petioles c. 5 mm long; stipules triangular, less than 2 mm long............................. 46. L. filipedunculatus View in CoL

32. Leaves oblong; nerves 8–9 pairs; petioles 2– 3 mm; stipules triangular lanceolate, 4–5 mm long....107. L. robinsonii View in CoL

33. Peduncles very slender, less than 0.3 mm diam..... 34

33. Peduncles relatively robust, more than 0.3 mm diam. 35

34. Branchlets appressed hirsute; leaves elliptic-obovate, less than 2.5 cm long; leaf bases cuneate; stipules very small, inconspicuous; bracts small, subulate or inconspicuous; ovary 4-locular; drupes ovoid with 4 pyrenes........................................... 11. L. biflorus View in CoL

34. Branchlets long spreading villose; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, more than 5 cm long; leaf bases rounded to subcordate; stipules linear, c. 4 mm long; bracts linear to ovate, leaf-like, 6 –10 mm long; ovary 8-locular; drupes globose with 6 –8 pyrenes.................. 45. L. filiformis View in CoL

35. Plant totally glabrous.......................... 36

35. Branchlets and leaf nerves beneath hairy or more or less appressed-pubescent......................... 38

36. Main peduncles up to 3 cm long, trifurcate; stipules up to 5 mm long; calyx c. 3 mm long, with c. 1 mm long subulate teeth............................ 68. L. laxiflorus View in CoL

36. Main peduncles less than 1.5 cm long, bifurcate; stipules less than 4 mm long; calyx 8–10 mm long, with 5–6 mm long oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate lobes......... 37

37. Leaves with looped venation; nerves 4–5 pairs; stipules very small, subulate, less than 1 mm long; drupes with 4 pyrenes; pyrenes very warty...... 51. L. furcatoides View in CoL

37. Leaves without looped venation; nerves 8 –10 pairs; stipules triangular, 3 mm long; drupes with 6 pyrenes; pyrenes smooth......................... 64. L. laevigatus View in CoL

38. Peduncles 2 – 3.5 cm long...................... 39

38. Peduncles less than 2 cm long.................. 41

39. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles sparsely hirsute; leaves chartaceous with acute base; nerves 5 – 6 pairs; petioles 6–8 mm long; bracts linear; flowers 4-merous, pediceled........................ 65. L. lancilobus View in CoL

39. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles densely spreading villose; leaves coriaceous with subcordate, rounded or obtuse bases;nerves 7–10 pairs;petioles shorter than 6 mm; bracts linear or filiform; flowers 5-merous, sessile... 40

40. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with an acuminate apex and a subcordate base; midrib and nerves deeply depressed above; nervules subparallel; petioles c. 1 mm long; bracts numerous, filiform, up to 1.5 cm long; corolla glabrous................................... 93. L. pendulus View in CoL

40. Leaves ovate-oblong with a caudate apex and a rounded or obtuse base; nerves flat above, nervules parallel; petioles 5 mm long; bracts 2, linear, 7–8 mm long; corolla densely villous.......................... 75. L. malaiense

41. Bracts 2, ovate, orbicular or cordate, leaf-like, more than 1 cm broad................................. 42

41. Bracts more than 2, linear or subulate, not leaf-like, less than 5 mm broad............................. 43

42. Branchlets and leaves densely spreading yellowish hirsute; leaves oblong, with slightly asymmetric base, 10–17 by 3 –5 cm; peduncles 7–8 mm long, bracts relatively small, c. 1.5 by 1 cm, with shortly cuspidate apex; calyx lobes 5, 2 –3 mm long; pyrenes 5............ 18. L. cailinianus View in CoL

42. Branchlets and leaf nerves, bracts and calyx densely appressed-pubescent; leaves slightly obovate-oblong, 26–34 by 6 –8 cm; peduncles c. 2 – 3 mm long; bracts large, c. 2 by 2 cm, with a c. 5 mm long cuspidate apex; calyx lobes 4, 1.5 mm long; pyrenes 4........ 24. L. chrysophyllus View in CoL

43. Leaves 26–46 cm long; stipules c. 1 cm long; peduncles very short, 1– 2 mm long; bracts up to 3 cm long.................................. 71. L. longibracteatus View in CoL

43. Leaves less than 16 cm long; stipules less than 5 mm long; peduncles short or long; bracts less than 1.5 cm long 44

44. Bracts linear, 6–15 mm long, hirsute; cymes capitate 45

44. Bracts linear or subulate, less than 5 mm long; hirsute or pubescent; cymes not capitate.................. 46

45. Leaf bases subrounded; nerves 9–12 pairs; bracts numer- ous, usually forming a dense head; peduncles usually very short; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, c. 3 mm long; drupes with 5 pyrenes.................. 103. L. rhinocerotis View in CoL

45. Leaf bases cuneate or acute; nerves 7–8 pairs; bracts not forming a dense head; peduncles up to 1.5 cm long; calyx lobes subulate-linear, up to 12 mm long; drupes with 6 pyrenes.......................... 19. L. capitatus View in CoL

46. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles densely tomen- tose....................................... 47

46. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles appressed-pubescent or glabrous........................... 48

47. Peduncles 1–3 mm long; calyx lobes oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 3 mm long...........15. L. brevipedunculatus View in CoL

47. Peduncles longer than 5 mm; calyx lobes linear, 5–6 mm long........................ 121. L. sumatraensis View in CoL

48. Leaves linear-lanceolate, less than 2 cm broad, long-caudate at the apex; calyx lobes triangular, c. 0.8 mm long............................... 39. L. dinghouanus View in CoL

48. Leaves not linear-lanceolate, more than 2.5 cm broad, acuminate or cuspidate at the apex; calyx lobes ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm long............. 49

49. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles densely appressed-pubescent; nerves 3 – 6 pairs; cymes trifurcate; flowers with 3–5 mm long pedicels, 4-merous; calyx lobes lanceolate, c. 1.5 mm long; drupes with 4 conspicuous ridges; pyrenes 4............... 67. L. laxifloroideus View in CoL

49. Branchlets, leaves beneath and peduncles thinly pubescent or glabrous; nerves 7–8 pairs; cymes bifurcate; flowers sessile, 5-merous; calyx lobes oblong, 3–4 mm long; drupes with 5 ridges; pyrenes 5......... 110. L. scalariformis View in CoL