Malagassodynerus subventricosus ( Giordani Soika, 1941 ), 2025

Malagassodynerus subventricosus ( Giordani Soika, 1941) , comb. nov.

( Figs 45E View FIGURE 45 , 65H View FIGURE 65 )

Odynerus subventricosus Giordani Soika, 1941: 177 View in CoL , fig. 10-5, ♀, ♂ —“Tsingoarivo” ( type lost).

Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa ( Giordani Soika 1941, 1973; Gusenleitner 1995, 2000) ( Fig. 65H View FIGURE 65 ).

Genus Malgachemenes Gusenleitner, 1992 , stat. resurr.

Malgachemenes Gusenleitner, 1992: 91 View in CoL , genus. Type species: Malgachemenes angustus Gusenleitner, 1992 View in CoL , by original designation and monotypy.

Notes. Selis (2023) synonymized Malgachemenes View in CoL under Leptomenes View in CoL based on photos of the holotype of Malgachemenes angustus View in CoL , although noting that the absence of a pointed submarginal carina was an aberrant character for Leptomenes View in CoL . Direct examination of several specimens of M. angustus View in CoL and of the other species described below showed how this synonymy is in fact wrong, as the apical lamella of T2, which is always absent in Leptomenes View in CoL , is in fact present in Malgachemenes View in CoL but usually reduced to short lateral flaps or not sharply separated from the rest of the tergite, and all species of Malgachemenes View in CoL have at least T3–T4 armed with lamellar flaps along the lateral margins (weakly evident in M. divinus ), a character never observed in Leptomenes View in CoL . In addition to this, all species of Malgachemenes View in CoL have the inner lamella of scutellar crest broad and covering almost the entire axillary fossa, leaving only a very small elliptical opening, while in all Leptomenes View in CoL the inner lamella is narrow, leaving a large circular opening of the axillary fossa. For these reasons, Malgachemenes View in CoL is withdrawn from synonymy and reestablished as a distinct genus.

Key to the species of Malgachemenes View in CoL

1. Submarginal carina of propodeum forming a sharply pointed lobe fused with propodeal valvula ( Fig. 46C View FIGURE 46 ). T1 transversely carinate at base; carina sharply separating a very short basal vertical face and a long posterior horizontal face ( Fig. 46D View FIGURE 46 ). T2–T3 with complete and regular long lamella apically ( Fig. 46E View FIGURE 46 ). S2 shallowly depressed on disc, therefore shallowly bulging basally in lateral view. Female: cephalic foveae large and deep ( Figs 46F, G View FIGURE 46 )............................ M. aberrans sp. nov.

- Submarginal carina of propodeum either not lobate or forming a short, rounded lobe. T1 not carinate at base ( Figs 47C View FIGURE 47 , 50C View FIGURE 50 , 51C View FIGURE 51 ). T2 with apical lamella variable, ranging from barely developed to present but laterally expanded, but never long and regular ( Figs 47E View FIGURE 47 , 50E View FIGURE 50 , 51C View FIGURE 51 ); T3 with lamella always reduced to lateral lobes and absent in the middle ( Figs 47E View FIGURE 47 , 49E View FIGURE 49 , 50E View FIGURE 50 ). S2 not depressed on disc, evenly convex in lateral view. Female: cephalic foveae very fine, much smaller than surrounding punctures and not evident............................................................................... 2

2. Apical margin of clypeus shallowly but distinctly convex, with very obtuse apical corners; clypeus tricarinate, with lateral carinae running from apical corners to the basal fourth of the surface and a short median carina in continuation with the interantennal carina ( Fig. 49C View FIGURE 49 ). Apical lamella of T2 barely developed, about as long as the fine punctures bordering its base. Extreme sides of T3–T4 with blunt oblique ridges only, not forming lobes ( Fig. 49E View FIGURE 49 ). Green and yellow with reduced black areas ( Figs 49A, B View FIGURE 49 ). Female: cephalic foveae separated by several times their diameter, placed in a raised and micropunctate subrectangular area wider than ocellar triangle ( Fig. 49D View FIGURE 49 )...................................... M. divinus sp. nov.

- Apical margin of clypeus subtruncate or shallowly emarginate, with right-angled or acute apical corners; clypeus not carinate or with lateral carinae only ( Figs 47A View FIGURE 47 , 48A View FIGURE 48 , 50A View FIGURE 50 , 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Apical lamella of T2 variably developed, but not as above ( Fig. 47E View FIGURE 47 , 50E View FIGURE 50 ). At least extreme sides of T3–T4 with well-developed lamellar lobes forming translucent flaps. Black and/or red, with yellow or white markings ( Figs 47A, B View FIGURE 47 ; 48A, B View FIGURE 48 ; 50A, B View FIGURE 50 ; 51A, B View FIGURE 51 ). Female: cephalic foveae touching each other and separated by a very narrow ridge, placed in a barely differentiated area smaller than one ocellus............................... 3

3. More compact appearance, mesosoma 1.3–1.4× as long as wide and T 1 in dorsal view wider than long ( Figs 47A View FIGURE 47 , 50A View FIGURE 50 ). Propodeum not extended posteriorly, appearing shorter than metanotum when mesosoma is seen from above. Mostly black with pale yellow to white markings, with dark red markings in M. levigatus ........................................... 4

- Slenderer appearance, mesosoma 1.55–1.7× as long as wide and T 1 in dorsal view longer than wide ( Figs 48A View FIGURE 48 , 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Propodeum extended posteriorly, appearing longer than metanotum when mesosoma is seen from above ( Fig. 48C View FIGURE 48 , 51E View FIGURE 51 ). Almost entirely bright red with pale yellow markings...................................................................... 5

4. Outer margin of tegula somewhat concave anteriorly, maximum width of tegula in anterior half ( Fig. 47D View FIGURE 47 ). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 shorter, at most as long as one ocellar diameter ( Fig. 47C View FIGURE 47 ). Apical margin of T2 translucent but not forming a lamella, flattened and not separated from rest of tergite, with lateral flaps only ( Fig. 47E View FIGURE 47 ). Punctures on head and mesosoma smaller and denser, interspaces generally shorter than punctures diameter; metasoma with even smaller punctures, especially fine and dense on T2 ( Fig. 47C View FIGURE 47 ). Male: clypeus slightly wider than high, free apical part barely shorter than basal part ( Fig. 47A View FIGURE 47 ); F11 slenderer and longer, reaching base of F9 ( Fig. 47A View FIGURE 47 ).................................. M. albellus sp. nov.

- Outer margin of tegula evenly rounded, maximum width of tegula in the middle ( Fig. 50D View FIGURE 50 ). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 longer, almost as long as two ocellar diameters ( Fig. 50C View FIGURE 50 ). Apical margin of T2 with sharply reflexed and almost vertical translucent lamella, laterally expanded in lamellar lobes ( Fig. 50E View FIGURE 50 ). Punctures on head and mesosoma larger and sparser, interspaces variable but mostly as wide as or wider than punctures diameter; T1–T2 with very shallow and sparse punctures, barely visible and separated by several times their diameter on T2 ( Fig. 50C View FIGURE 50 ). Male: clypeus higher than wide, free apical part much shorter than basal part ( Fig. 50A View FIGURE 50 ); F11 thicker and shorter, not reaching base of F9 ( Fig. 50A View FIGURE 50 ).............. M. levigatus sp. nov.

5. Apical corners of clypeus not carinate ( Fig. 48A View FIGURE 48 ). Anterior face of pronotum not foveate. Propodeum placed below level of metanotum and entirely sloping, metanotum oblique ( Fig. 48C View FIGURE 48 ). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 shorter, at most as long as one ocellar diameter. T2 with very fine and shallow punctures separated by several times their diameter. Male: clypeus about as high as wide, impunctate ( Fig. 48A View FIGURE 48 ); F11 thin and claw-shaped, apically pointed ( Fig. 48A View FIGURE 48 ). Female: clypeus densely micropunctate and almost matte, punctures very fine and shallow, apical margin shallowly emarginate ( Fig. 48A View FIGURE 48 ). M. angustus Gusenleitner View in CoL

- Apical corners of clypeus with blunt carinae reaching up to middle of clypeus ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Anterior face of pronotum with a rounded fovea in the middle ( Fig. 51D View FIGURE 51 ). Propodeum basally raised almost to level of metanotum and forming a short and rounded propodeal shelf, metanotum almost horizontal ( Fig. 51E View FIGURE 51 ). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 longer, longer than one ocellar diameter ( Fig. 51C View FIGURE 51 ). T2 with fine but deep punctures separated by at most 1–2 times their diameter ( Fig. 51C View FIGURE 51 ). Male: clypeus higher than wide, with sparse punctures ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ); F11 thick and finger-shaped, apically rounded ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Female: clypeus sparsely micropunctate and shiny, punctures large and deep, apical margin subtruncate ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 )...... M. lobatus sp. nov.