AUCHENIPTERICHTHYINA CALEGARI, VARI & REIS, 2019

SUBTRIBE AUCHENIPTERICHTHYINA CALEGARI, VARI & REIS SUBTRIB. NOV. (CLADE 74)

Type genus: Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 .

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Included genera: Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 , Trachelyichthys Mees, 1974 and Trachelyopterichthys Bleeker, 1862 .

Diagnosis: Auchenipterichthyina is diagnosed by six molecular and four morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) posterior process of posttemporal– supracleithrum dorsoventrally oriented (char. 3561: 1 → 0), convergent in Entomocorus , Epapterus , Pseudauchenipterus nodosus , Trachelyopterus amblops , Trachelyopterus cf. Trachelyopterus galeatus , Trachelyopterus insignis , Spinipterus , most species of Ageneiosus and Tympanopleura and Centromochlinae (except Glanidium catharinensis , Glanidium sp. 1 RS and Glanidium sp. 2 RS; (2) posterior process of epioccipital forming simple spine (char. 3563: 3 → 0), reversed in Trachelyichthys , convergent in Asterophysus , Entomocorus , Gelanoglanis and Balroglanis (except Balroglanis carolae ); (3) accessory cartilage between third and fourth basibranchials present (char. 3644: 0 → 1), convergent in Ageneiosus (except Ageneiosus lineatus ), Auchenipterus fordicei , Duringlanis , Pseudauchenipterus flavescens , Pseudepapterus hasemani and Tetranematichthys ; and (4) os suspensorium moderate in size (char. 3655: 1 → 0), convergent in Auchenipterus ambyacus , Auchenipterus nuchalis , Balroglanis , Duringlanis romani , Centromochlus , Glanidium , Entomocorus , Epapterus , Pseudauchenipterus , Gephyromochlus , most species of Tatia , Trachelyopterus (except Trachelyopterus aff. Trachelyopterus porosus ) and Trachycorystes menezesi .

GENUS AUCHENIPTERICHTHYS BLEEKER, 1862 View in CoL (CLADE 75)

Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 View in CoL (in Bleeker, 1862 – 63): 7 (type species: Auchenipterus thoracatus Kner, 1857 View in CoL ; type by original designation. Gender masculine).

Included species: Auchenipterichthys coracoideus ( Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) View in CoL , Auchenipterichthys longimanus ( Günther, 1864) View in CoL , Auchenipterichthys punctatus ( Valenciennes, 1840) View in CoL and Auchenipterichthys thoracatus ( Kner, 1857) View in CoL .

Diagnosis: Auchenipterichthys is diagnosed by 12 molecular and five morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) lateral line sinusoidal (char. 3525: 2 → 1), convergent in Ageneiosus , Tympanopleura and Auchenipterini (except Entomocorus ); (2) laminar expansion on posteromedial portion of premaxilla absent (char. 3584: 1 → 0), convergent in Entomocorus , Gelanoglanis , Glanidium catharinensis and Glanidium cesarpintoi ; (3) serrations on anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine retrorse (char. 3703: 2 → 1), convergent in Entomocorus , Trachelyichthys (except Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ), Trachelyopterus (except Trachelyopterus amblops and Trachelyopterus coriaceus ) and Trachycorystes menezesi ; (4) posterior portion of basipterygium long, with thin and pointed process (char. 3729: 0 → 2), convergent in Liosomadoras ; and (5) last proximal radial of anal fin laminar (char. 3741: 0 → 1), convergent in Ageneiosus (except Ageneiosus lineatus ), Tympanopleura cryptica , Auchenipterus and Tocantinsia .

Comparisons: Auchenipterichthys is distinguished from all auchenipterines, except Ageneiosus , Tympanopleura , Auchenipterus , Pseudauchenipterus , Epapterus and Pseudepapterus , by having the lateral line sinusoidal along its entire length (vs. lateral line straight, or sinusoidal in the anterior portion and straight in the posterior half); and except for Trachycorystes , Asterophysus and Pseudepapterus , by the number of branched pelvic-fin rays, eight or nine (one specimen with ten) (vs. six in Liosomadoras , Tocantinsia , Ageneiosus , Tympanopleura and Tetranematichthys , five in Entomocorus , Trachelyopterus and Spinipterus ; seven in Pseudauchenipterus , ten or 11 in Trachelyichthys , 10–14 in Auchenipterus and Trachelyopterichthys , and 14–16 in Epapterus ). Yet, it differs from Pseudepapterus by having a robust dorsal-fin spine, moderate in size, approximately one-third of SL (vs. rudimentary dorsal-fin spine, less than one-sixth of SL), with six branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. three to five rays), and anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated (vs. anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, lacking serration).

GENUS TRACHELYOPTERICHTHYS BLEEKER, 1862 View in CoL (CLADE 79)

Trachelyopterichthys Bleeker, 1862 View in CoL (in Bleeker, 1862 – 63): 16 (type species: Trachelyopterus taeniatus Kner, 1857 View in CoL ; type by original designation and monotypy. Gender masculine).

Included species: Trachelyopterichthys anduzei Ferraris & Fernandez, 1987 View in CoL and Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus ( Kner, 1857) View in CoL .

Diagnosis: Trachelyopterichthys is diagnosed by ten morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) nasal bone plate-like, laterally expanded (char. 3512: 0 → 1), convergent in Tatia boemia , Tatia brunnea , Tatia jacaratia , Tatia caxiuanensis , Tatia nigra , Trachelyopterus and Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’; (2) antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules with spines (char. 3520: 0 → 1), convergent in Tatia caxiuanensis , Liosomadoras , Trachycorystes trachycorystes and Spinipterus ; (3) trigeminofacial foramen ventrally exposed (char. 3581: 1 → 0), convergent in Auchenipterini (except Auchenipterus ambyiacus and Auchenipterus brachyurus ), Tympanopleura cryptica , Tympanopleura piperata , Trachelyichthys decaradiatus , Trachelyopterus amblops and Centromochlinae (except Glanidium ); (4) distal portion of premaxilla extended (char. 3587: 0 → 1), convergent in Ageneiosini , Centromochlus existimatus and Duringlanis perugiae ; (5) premaxillary teeth straight (char. 3589: 0 → 1), convergent in Entomocorus , Gelanoglanis , Gephyromochlus , Glanidium cesarpintoi , Liosomadoras oncinus , Tocantinsia , Trachycorystes trachycorystes , Spinipterus and some species of Tatia ; (6) anterior process on pharyngobranchial tooth-plate absent (char. 3653: 0 → 1), convergent in Ageneiosus , Tympanopleura , Achenipterichthys longimanus , Achenipterichthys punctatus , Epapterus , Pseudepapterus , Auchenipterus nuchalis , Auchenipterus osteomystax , Auchenipterus nigripinnis , Balroglanis , Trachycorystes trachycorystes , clade 60 of Tatia and Tatia sp. 1 ; (7) two rows of serrations on anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3690: 0 → 1), convergent in Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (8) serrations absent on posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3693: 0 → 1), convergent in most Ageneiosus , Asterophysus , Epapterus , Duringlanis perugiae , Gelanoglanis travieso , Glanidium cesarpintoi , Pseudepapterus , Pseudotatia , Tatia (except Tatia intermedia ), Tocantinsia , Trachelyopterus amblops , Trachelyopterus insignis , Trachycorystes trachycorystes and Spinipterus ; (9) contralateral anteromedial processes of basipterygium sutured to each other only on anterior portion (char. 3723: 0 → 2), convergent in Centromochlus , Gelanoglanis , Entomocorus , Gephyromochlus , Tatia (except Tatia musaica and Tatia meesi ), Trachelyopterus albicrux , Trachelyopterus insignis , Trachelyopterus teaguei and Trachelyopterus striatulus ; and (10) basal process of pelvic-fin rays posteromedially oriented (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids.

Comparisons: Trachelyopterichthys is a genus of medium- to large-sized body, which is distinguished from all auchenipterids, except Trachelyichthys , Epapterus and Trachelyopterus coriaceus , by lacking an adipose fin (vs. adipose fin present). It is also distinguished from all Auchenipterinae , except Trachycorystes trachycorystes , by having two rows of serration on the anterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. one row, or three in Liosomadoras and Spinipterus ) and, except for Liosomadoras , Trachycorystes trachycorystes and Spinipterus , by having antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules with spines (vs. such bones devoid of spines). It is further diagnosed from remaining Auchenipterinae , except Pseudepapterus hasemani and Trachelyopterus (but not Trachelyopterus amblops , Trachelyopterus coriaceus and Trachelyopterus galeatus ), by having the branched dorsal-fin rays supported by four pterygiophores(vs. branched dorsal-fin rays supported by two, three, five or six pterygiophores). It further differs from Trachelyichthys by having the interopercle large, plate shaped (vs. interopercle thin and elongated), the posterior process of the epioccipital forming a simple spine (vs. posterior process of epioccipital bifurcated) and, except for Trachelyichthys sp. 1 , by having 39–55 total anal-fin rays (vs. 31–38 total anal-fin rays).