Glanidium, LUTKEN, 1874

GENUS GLANIDIUM LÜTKEN, 1874 View in CoL (CLADE 45)

Glanidium Lütken, 1874: 31 View in CoL (type species: Glanidium albescens Lütken, 1874 View in CoL ; type by monotypy. Gender neuter).

Included species: * Glanidium albescens Reinhardt, 1874 View in CoL , * Glanidium botocudo Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2013 View in CoL , Glanidium catharinensis View in CoL Miranda Ribeiro, 1962, Glanidium cesarpintoi Ihering, 1928 View in CoL , Glanidium melanopterum View in CoL Miranda Ribeiro, 1918, Glanidium ribeiroi ( Haseman, 1911) View in CoL , Glanidium sp. RS 1 Sarmento-Soares, Calegari, Martins-Pinheiro & Malabarba, undescribed, Glanidium sp. RS 2 Sarmento-Soares, Calegari, Martins-Pinheiro & Malabarba, undescribed.

Diagnosis: Glanidium is diagnosed by three molecular and six morphological synapomorphies. Non- e xclusive: (1) parasphenoid short, ≥ 50% of its length composed by wide base of bone (char. 3577: 1 → 0), convergent in Ageneiosini , Gelanoglanini , Pseudotatia , Tatia gyrina , Tatia creutzbergi , Pseudauchenipterus, Trachelyopterini, Liosomadoradini and Asterophysini ; (2) trigeminofacial foramen not exposed, covered by parasphenoid (char. 3581: 0 → 1), exclusive within Centromochlinae , convergent in Ageneiosini ( Tympanopleura piperata and Tympanopleura cryptica ), Liosomadoras , Auchenipterichthys , Auchenipterus brachyurus , Auchenipterus ambyiacus, Trachelyopterina (except Trachelyopterus amblops ), Trachycorystina and Trachelyichthys (except Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ); (3) coronoid process of anguloarticular developed into thin and conspicuous process (char. 3602: 1 → 0), convergent in Auchenipterus , Ferrarissoaresia , Pseudepapterus , Liosomadoras , Tatia boemia , Tatia sp. 4 , Tatia jacaratia , Tatia nigra , Trachelyopterichthys, Trachelyopterina, Trachycorystina and Tetranematichthys ; (4) anterolateral and anteromedial processes of basipterygium of approximately same length (char. 3725: 1 → 0), exclusive within Centromochlinae , convergent in Ageneiosini , Auchenipterini (except Entomocorus ), Trachelyopterus amblops and Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (5) cartilage of lateral process of basipterygium short (char. 3727: 1 → 0), exclusive within Centromochlinae , convergent in Entomocorus , Epapterus , Trachelyopterichthys , Tetranematichthys and Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ; and (6) basal process of pelvic-fin rays oriented posteromedially in dorsal view (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in Gelanoglanis, Ageneiosini, Auchenipterini (except Entomocorus ), Trachelyopterichthys , Trachelyopterus and Trachycorystes .

Comparisons: Glanidium differs from remaining centromochlines by having the trigeminofacial foramen not exposed, covered by the parasphenoid (vs. trigeminofacial foramen exposed in ventral view) and anterolateral and anteromedial processes of the basipterygium of approximately the same length (vs. anterolateral process longer than anteromedial process). It differs from Tatia , Centromochlus and Gelanoglanis by having the hyomandibula and metapterygoid in contact with each other (vs. hyomandibula and metapterygoid separated from each other); from Balroglanis and Gelanoglanis by the possession of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate absent); from Centromochlus , Duringlanis and Balroglanis by having the eye not or little visible in ventral view (vs. eye ventrally displaced, in such a way that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view). It differs from Pseudotatia by having fewer anal-fin rays, 12–14 total rays (vs. 15–17 total rays); from Ferrarissoaresia by having the outer and inner mental barbels of similar length, ending much anterior to the pectoral-fin origin (vs. long outer mental barbel, surpassing the pectoral-fin origin); from Centromochlus by having the maxillary barbel laterally positioned, not visible ventrally (vs. proximal portion of maxillary barbel ventrally positioned, in such a way that it is visible ventrally); and from Duringlanis by having the terminus of the lateral line surpassing the caudal-fin origin (vs. lateral line ending near to the caudal peduncle).