Liosomadoras, FOWLER, 1940

GENUS LIOSOMADORAS FOWLER, 1940 View in CoL (CLADE 68)

Liosomadoras Fowler, 1940: 226 View in CoL (type species: Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler, 1940 View in CoL ; type by original designation. Gender masculine).

Included species: Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler View in CoL , 1 9 4 0 a n d L i o s o m a d o r a s o n c i n u s (Ja r d i n e i n Schomburgk, 1841).

Diagnosis: Same as for tribe Liosomadoradini .

Comparisons: Liosomadoras is easily distinguished from all members of Auchenipteridae by its colour pattern, reminiscent of the jaguar, which gives to the genus its popular name of jaguar catfish (vs. several distinct colour patterns, including bold spotted, white narrow stripes, black thick stripes, diffused blotches, or with unique background colour); and except for Spinipterus , by having three vertical rows of serration along the anterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. one row, or two in Trachycorystes trachycorystes and Trachelyopterichthys ) and, except for Spinipterus acsi , by having two rows of ornamentation on the posterior process of the cleithrum. It differs from all auchenipterids except Trachelyopterichthys , Trachycorystes trachycorystes and Spinipterus by having spines on the antorbital and infraorbitals bones (vs. such bones smooth, without any spines), and from Ageneiosini , Auchenipterini (except Entomocorus ), Trachelyopterichthys and Trachelyichthys by having a moderate-sized anal fin, approximately one-third of SL (vs. anal fin long, at least half SL). Liosomadoras is further distinguished from Spinipterus by the lack of serration on the dorsal margin of the pectoral-fin spine (vs. dorsal margin of pectoral-fin spine serrated), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, without serration (vs. posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated) and anterior fontanel rounded (vs. anterior fontanel elliptic).

TRIBE TRACHELYOPTERINI BLEEKER, 1858 (CLADE 70)

Tracheliopterini [ Trachelyopterini ] Bleeker, 1858a: 40 (type genus: Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840 . Also in Bleeker, 1858b: 49, 250, 257).

I n c l u d e d s u b t r i b e s: A u c h e n i p t e r i c h t h y i n a, Trachelyopterina and Trachycorystina .

Diagnosis: Trachelyopterini is diagnosed by six molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) postzygapophysis of compound centrum extended up to eighth vertebra (char. 3666: 2 → 4), reversed in Trachelyichthys and Trachelyopterus teaguei , convergent in Epapterus dispilurus ; (2) compound centrum including up to eighth vertebra (char. 3667: 2 → 4), reversed in Trachelyichthys , Trachelyopterus teaguei and Trachelyopterus albricrux , exclusive within Auchenipterinae , convergent in Centromochlus ; and (3) ventral process of hypurapophysis absent (char. 3748: 1 → 0), convergent in Ageneiosus , Tympanopleura and Gelanoglanis .

SUBTRIBE TRACHYCORYSTINA MIRANDA RIBEIRO, 1911 (CLADE 72)

Trachycorystina Miranda Ribeiro, 1911: 25, 352 (type genus: Trachycorystes Bleeker, 1858 View in CoL ).

Included genera: Tocantinsia Mees, 1974 View in CoL and Trachycorystes Bleeker, 1858 View in CoL .

Diagnosis: Trachycorystina is diagnosed by four molecular and one morphological synapomorphy. Non-exclusive: (1) ventral processes of dorsal-fin spinelet straight (char. 3683: 1 → 0), convergent i n Tr a ch e l y o p t e r i ch t h y s, P s e u d a u ch e n i p t e r u s jequitinhonhae , Pseudauchenipterus affinis and Liosomadoras oncinus .