Bittium turritella ( Eichwald, 1851 )

Bittium turritella ( Eichwald, 1851)

Figs 23A–G View FIGURE 23 , 24A–C View FIGURE 24

* Rissoa turritella — Eichwald 1851: 132, pl. 10, fig. 18.

Rissoa turritella — Eichwald 1852: plate captions, pl. 10, fig. 18.

Riss [oa]. turritella m.— Eichwald 1853: 275.

Bittium multiliratum Brusina— Brusina 1871: 213 View in CoL [nomen nudum].

Bittium multiliratum Brusina— Brusina 1877: 380 View in CoL .

Seila turritella Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 314 , pl. 18, fig. 27.

[ Fenella ] turritella Eichw.— Cossmann 1921: 47 , pl. 2, figs 52–54, pl. 3, fig. 21.

Seila (Seila) turritella Eichw.— Sieber 1937: 506 , pl. 25, fig. B4.

Seila (Seila) Schwartzi (Hörn. M.) — Sieber 1937: 506, pl. 25, fig. B3 [non Cerithidium schwartzi ( Hörnes, 1855) View in CoL ]. Seila (Seila) multilirata (Brusina) — Sieber 1937: 507, pl. 25, fig. C2.

Seila multilirata (Brusina) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 388, pl. 1, figs 40–41.

Seila turritella Eichw. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 389, pl. 1, figs 34–35.

Seila turritella Eichwald— Strausz 1962: 33 , pl. 5, figs 26–27.

Seila multilirata Brusina— Strausz 1962: 33 , pl. 5, figs 28–29.

Seila turritella Eichwald, 1853 — Strausz 1966: 169, pl. 5, figs 26–27.

Seila multilirata Brusina, 1877 — Strausz 1966: 169, pl. 5, figs 28–29.

Seila multilirata Brusina— Kókay 1966: 126 , pl. 5, fig. 1.

Seila schwartzi Hörnes— Bałuk 1970: 118 , pl. 9, fig. 9 [non Cerithidium schwartzi ( Hörnes 1855) View in CoL ].

Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 View in CoL — Bałuk 1975: 141, pl. 16, figs 8–9.

Bittium (Semibittium) turritella ( Eichwald, 1853) — Bałuk 1975: 142, pl. 16, fig. 7.

Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 View in CoL — Bałuk 2006: 199, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 View in CoL — Popa & Ianoliu 2000: 85, pl. 3, fig. 2.

Semibittium multiliratum View in CoL — Zuschin et al. 2006: 78.

non Bittium turritella ( Eichwald, 1853) — Švagrovský 1982: 21, pl. 8, fig. 4 [= Eulimidae View in CoL ?].

Type material. Lectotype designated herein, specimen illustrated in Eichwald 1851: pl. 10, fig. 18, Zhukivtsi ( Ukraine), Badenian (Middle Miocene). The type material is lost.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1859 View Materials /0045/0128, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, lectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 , designated herein, Figs 23A View FIGURE 23 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0001, SL: 7.6 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 , Figs 23B View FIGURE 23 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0002, SL: 6.7 mm, MD: 2.0 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 , Figs 23C View FIGURE 23 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0003, SL: 5.1 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 , Figs 23D View FIGURE 23 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0004, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Fig. 23E View FIGURE 23 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0005, SL: 5.7 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Fig. 23F View FIGURE 23 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0057/0007, SL: 3.0 mm, MD: 1.2 mm, Fig. 23G View FIGURE 23 . Brusina (1877) had studied various specimens of this species in the collections of the Natural History Museum Vienna, without selecting type specimens. From this lot, we selected the lectotype and paralectotypes. All specimens from Niederleis ( Austria), Middle Miocene , middle Badenian (Langhian) . PIN 5904 View Materials /90, SL: 2.9 mm, MD: 1.1 mm, Varivtsi ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 24A View FIGURE 24 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /91, SL: 3.6 mm, MD: 1.15 mm, Varivtsi ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 24B View FIGURE 24 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /91, Varivtsi ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 24C View FIGURE 24 .

Additional material. 698 spec., NHMW 1863 View Materials /0015/0751, Niederleis ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2013 View Materials /0470/0876, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 178 spec., NHMW 1970 View Materials /1396/1225, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , 12 spec., NHMW 1861 View Materials /0001/0468, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1866 View Materials /0001/0734, Vienna / Nussdorf ( Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0004/0106, Vienna / Grinzing ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1973 View Materials /1615/0127, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 6 spec., NHMW 2016 View Materials /0177/0388, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Small to medium sized moderately slender shell of about nine teleoconch whorls, with conical to weakly cyrtoconoid spire, attaining ~ 6–8 mm in height; apical angle 26–31°. Protoconch of 2.5 convex whorls with deep sinusigera (dp = ~260 μm). First whorl smooth, second whorl with pustules located in adapical and abapical thirds of whorl, and with doubled spiral thread below mid-whorl. Angulation placed mid-whorl appears near end of protoconch. Two weak spiral threads close above abapical suture. Last whorl with mid-whorl angulation and two spiral cords appearing close before sinusigera. Early teleoconch whorls angulated with two prominent spiral cords and moderately broad subsutural ramp. Mid-whorl spiral cord often slightly more prominent, keel-like. Additional spiral cords appearing at adapical and abapical suture on second teleoconch whorl. Fifth spiral cord appears between two adapical cords on subsequent whorls. Later whorls with six to seven broad, convex spiral cords separated by flat interspaces of about same width bearing about seven delicate spiral rows of tiny pustules. Axial sculpture obsolete, or almost so, represented in some specimens by irregular swelling over the spirals. Whorl profile typically becoming weakly convex with periphery usually slightly below mid-whorl. Specimens with more strongly convex whorls may appear as well. Suture narrowly incised, linear. Weak varices may occasionally occur on spire whorls, last whorl often with more prominent varix. Last whorl moderately constricted, attaining 35–40% of total height. Base weakly convex with two prominent peribasal cords and three cords on fasciole, one or two cords over base in some specimens. Aperture ovoid, wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct to weakly incised. Outer lip thin. One specimen shows two denticles deep inside aperture at position of varix. Siphonal canal weakly incised.

Synonyms. Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 , Badenian, Middle Miocene, Niederleis ( Austria). Lectotype designated herein: NHMW 1859/0045/0128, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Figs 23A View FIGURE 23 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . We treat Bittium multiliratum tentatively as junior synonym of Rissoa turritella Eichwald, 1851 although doubts remain because the type material of Bittium turritella is lost.

Discussion. This species is enormously variable in sculpture, size and slenderness, and in most populations, specimens with convex whorls and incised sutures occur along with ‘typical’ multiliratum -morphs with weakly convex whorls. These shells correspond well to the illustrations of Bittium turritella in Eichwald (1851). Specimens with spiral cords, however, predominate. Similarly, the convexity of the whorls is variable. Bittium brebioni ( Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018) , from the Tortonian of France, differs in its lower spiral cords, stockier outline and more cyrtoconoid spire. Bittium perminima (de Boury in Ivolas & Peyrot, 1900), from the Early to Late Miocene of France has more convex whorls and more wide spaced interspaces between to spiral cords (based on specimens described by Landau et al. (2018) as Semibittium duvergieri Cossmann & Peyrot, 1922 ).

Moroni & Ruggieri (1988) document this species also from the Late Miocene of Italy as subspecies Bittium multiliratum saheloparvulum ( Moroni, 1955) . The illustrated specimens differ from Paratethyan shells in their stout conical outline and flat whorls. Therefore, we keep them separated from Bittium turritella and treat them at full species rank. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. The Niederleis section exposed tempestites with shells from lagoonal and shallow neritic habitats, which were transported into upper bathyal settings ( Mandic et al. 2002).

Distribution. Only known from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (= Hołubica), Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ripyntsi, Sataniv, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko (Lviv Region), Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1914; Cossmann 1921; hoc opus); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica( Poland)( Bałuk2006); Nowy Sącz Basin:Niskowa( Poland)( Bałuk 1970); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Immendorf ( Austria) ( Zuschin et al. 2006), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Lysice ( Czechia) ( Brusina 1871, 1877; Sieber 1937); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Niederleis, Nodendorf, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Grinzing, Vienna /Nussdorf ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937; Mandic et al. 2002; Zuschin et al. 2007), Drnovice u Vyškova, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Sedlec ( Czechia) ( Brusina 1877); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin; Forchtenau ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Herend, Szob ( Hungary) ( Brusina 1877; Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966); Haţeg Basin: Răchitova ( Romania) ( Popa & Ianoliu 2000); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Brusina 1877).