Bittium deforme ( Eichwald, 1829 )

Bittium deforme ( Eichwald, 1829)

Figs 7A–N View FIGURE 7 , 8A–C View FIGURE 8

* C [erithium]. deforme n.— Eichwald 1829: 295, pl. 5, fig. 11.

C [erithium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1830: 223.

Cerithium lima Brug.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 36 View in CoL , pl. 2, figs 1–3 [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

C [erithium]. Lima Brug.— Pusch 1836: 526 View in CoL [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

Cerithium lima Brug.— Pusch 1837: 148 View in CoL [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

C [erithium]. deforme — Pusch 1836: 526.

Cerith [ium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1851: 88, pl. 7, fig. 22.

Cerithium deforme — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 22.

Cerith [ium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1853: 159.

Cerithium deforme Eichwald— Hilber 1882: 8 , pl. 1, fig. 18.

Cerithium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.—Laskarev 1903: 146 , pl. 5, fig. 27.

Bittium deforme Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 304 , pl. 18, figs 12–13.

? Cerithium deforme Eichw.— Ossipov 1932: 69 , pl. 4, fig. 16.

Bittium deforme Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 346 , pl. 20, figs 11–12.

Bittium deforme Eichw.— Friedberg 1938a: 103 .

Bittium deforme Eichw.—Krach 1950: 305 , pl. 1, fig. 1.

Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.— Korobkov 1955 : pl. 30, figs 13–14.

Bittium deforme ( Eichwald 1830 [sic])— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 162, pl. 39, figs 28–29.

Bittium deforme (Eichw.) — Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 14, pl. 4, fig. 13, pl. 19, fig. 6.

? Bittium reticulatum View in CoL (da Costa)— Urbaniak 1974: pl. 12, fig. 19, pl. 19, fig. 18 [non Bittium reticulatum View in CoL ( da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium deforme ( Eichwald, 1830) — Jakubowski & Musiał 1977: 112, pl. 15, figs 18–19.

Bittium deforme ( Eichwald 1830 [sic])— Krach 1981: 60, pl. 16, figs 18–23.

non Bittium deforme Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 212 , pl. 20, figs 13–14 [= Batillariidae, Theodiscella View in CoL cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) ].

non Bittium deforme Eichw.— Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 100 , pl. 2, fig. 19–20 [= Potamididae View in CoL ].

non Bittium deforme (Eichw.) — Kókay 1966: 44, pl. 4, fig. 16 [= Potamididae View in CoL ].

non Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichwald— Atanacković 1969: 197 , pl. 8, figs 21–22 [= Bittium tani sp. nov.].

non Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.—Radi 1971: 176 , pl. 3, fig. 72 [unidentifiable fragment].

non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum deforme ( Eichwald, 1853 [sic])— Švagrovský 1971: 345, pl. 59, figs 1–16 [= Potamididae View in CoL ]. non Bittium reticulatum deforme (Eichwald) — Papp 1974: 345, pl. 7, figs 1–6 [= Potamididae View in CoL ].

non Bittium reticulatum deforme — Özsayar, 1977: 61, pl. 10, fig. 1 [= Bittium rossicum sp. nov.].

Type material. Lectotype, designated herein: SPSU 3/330-1, SL: 12 mm, MD: 4 mm, Zhukivtsi, Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . No type locality is given in Eichwald (1829); Eichwald (1851, 1853) listed several Ukrainian localities, such as Bilka (Velyka Bilka), Staro Poczaiow (Staryi Pochaiv), Zukowce (Zhukivtsi) and Zalisce (Zalistsi) and others. Type series stored in SPSU: 3/330, 12 specimens, including lectotype, Zhukivtsi; 3/331, eight specimens, erroneously marked as Korytnica; 3/332, one specimen, Zhukivtsi; and in ZI RAS: Eichwald’s number 192, more than a hundred specimens, Velyka Bilka. All from late Badenian, Ukraine.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1870 View Materials /0014/0006a, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 3.9 mm, Golubytsya ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7B View FIGURE 7 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1870 View Materials /0014/0006b, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Golubytsya ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1870 View Materials /0014/0006c, SL: 10.7 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, Golubytsya ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7D View FIGURE 7 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /43, SL: 8.4 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, Łychów ( Poland), middle Badenian, Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /44, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Łychów ( Poland), middle Badenian, Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /45, SL: 9.3 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Łychów ( Poland), middle Badenian, Figs 7G View FIGURE 7 1 –G View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /46, SL: 11.4 mm, MD: 3.6 mm, Pochaiv ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /54, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Shyshkivtsi ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /47, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 3.7 mm, Pochaiv ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7J View FIGURE 7 1 –J View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /48, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Pochaiv ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7K View FIGURE 7 1 –K View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . PIN 5904 View Materials /49, SL: 10.3 mm, MD: 3 mm, Sataniv ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7L View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /50, SL: 14.4 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, Gryts’kiv ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7M View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /51, SL: 17.5 mm, MD: 4 mm, Tsikova ( Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7N View FIGURE 7 . PIN 5904 View Materials /51, Łychów , Poland, Middle Miocene, middle Badenian, Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 . PIN 5904 View Materials /52, ravine Zhabyak ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 8B View FIGURE 8 1 –B View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . PIN 5904 View Materials /53, ravine Zhabyak ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, middle Badenian, Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 .

Additional material. 34 spec., NHMW 1871 View Materials /0007/0007, Gliwice ( Poland) ; 23 spec., NHMW 1859 View Materials /0045/0485, Golubytsya (= Hołubica) ( Ukraine) .

Revised description. Large, slender shell of 10–11 (up to 13–15 in elongated morph) teleoconch whorls with weakly cyrtoconoid spire, commonly attaining 10–14 mm in height; apical angle 21–30°. Protoconch of three whorls terminating with sinusigera (dp = ~320 μm). Protoconch whorls covered by numerous large pustules, two spiral cords appear on second whorl. First teleoconch whorl convex with two spiral cords with beads and partially visible suprasutural cord. Secondary cord appears just below suture on second or third teleoconch whorl and reaches size of primary cords. Spiral threads often appear on penultimate or last whorl. Later whorls straight sided, subcylindrical with three close-set spiral cords of large beads separated by interspaces of roughly equal width to cords. Beads vaguely axially aligned without forming ribs. Suture deeply incised due to deep abapical constriction of whorls. Weakly tubercular secondary spiral cord intercalated between adapical and mid-primary cord in some specimens. Prominent varices may occur occasionally on spire whorls and especially on last whorl. Last whorl strongly constricted, attaining 36–39% of total height (decreasing to 31% in elongated morph). Base weakly convex with two prominent peribasal spiral cords, adapical stronger, and few weaker spiral cords (from two to four) over base. Aperture ovate, not very wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, thin rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly deflected to the left. Color pattern of big irregular spots and uncolored varices.

Discussion. Bittium deforme ( Eichwald, 1829) is represented by several morphotypes in the late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. One morphotype is characterized by the presence of varices and the presence of secondary spiral cords starting on the penultimate whorl. The lectotype represents this morphotype. Varices are absent or weak in the second common morphotype, which bears spiral threads only on the last half of the last whorl ( Figs 7E, K View FIGURE 7 ) or lacks secondary sculpture ( Figs 7J, N View FIGURE 7 ). Both morphs have a similar number of whorls (up to 15) and attain up to 14 mm in height. Elongated shells may reach 20 mm in height and have either orthoconoid shells or bullet-like shells with short cyrtoconoid posterior part and long cylindrical anterior part ( Figs 7M, N View FIGURE 7 ). The earliest known Bittium deforme are known from the late middle Badenian (late Moravian) from Łychów ( Poland) and are characterized by smaller shells (up to 10 mm) without spiral threads on last whorls. Varices are absent or represented only on the last whorl, rarely also on the spire.

Bittium deforme was partly confused with Bittium tani sp. nov., which is comparable in size and shape. Both species, however, are very clearly distinguished by the spiral sculpture of three primary spiral cords with occasional intercalations of secondary threads in B. deforme whereas B. tani has four primary spiral cords without secondary intercalations. The available specimens show many scars suggesting intense predation pressure. Bittium larrieyense Vignal, 1911 , from the Early Miocene of France, is comparable in its general shape and the strong varices but develops five spiral cords of equal strength and is slightly more slender (see Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 6, fig. 6).

Bittium deforme is restricted to the late middle and late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. Specimens described as this species from the Vienna and the Pannonian basins represent other species, e.g., the specimen from Herend-Márkó ( Hungary), described by Kókay (1966), differs clearly in its stout conical outline. Sarmatian occurrences, described by Švagrovský (1971) and Papp (1974) as this species are Potamididae View in CoL . The same might be the case for the Sarmatian specimens mentioned by Hír et al. (2001). Similarly, specimens from the Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys, described by Zhizhchenko (1936) are not conspecific with B. deforme and represent Theodiscella cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1936) , Potamididae View in CoL ( Guzhov 2022; Harzhauser et al. 2023a).

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.).

Distribution. Endemic to the late middle and late Badenian (Serravallian) of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin.

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek, ( Poland) ( Krach 1981); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Monasterz (spelled as Monastyrz) ( Poland) ( Jakubowski & Musiał 1977). Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Białogon, Błoń, Bogucic, Czepiele, Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Gliwice, Miechocin, Pustelnia, Wielowieś, Wieliczka, Zgłobień ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1914, 1938a; Krach 1950; hoc opus); Tarnów ( Poland) ( Urbaniak 1974); Dibrova (former Vovkotrubi/Volkotrubi), Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Kytaigorod, Novokonstyantyniv, Postolivka, Ripyntsi, Sataniv, Shyshkivtsi, Smotrych, Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Trostyanets’, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada, Tsikova, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Hołdy near Buchyna, Oles’ko, Penyaky, Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Chernylivka, Fashchivka, Gusyatin, Kabarivtsi, Kalagarivka, Komaryn, Mala Bilka, Pochaiv, Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Ternopil, Turivka, Velyka Bilka, Velyki Birky, Velykyi Glibochok, Zalistsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1914; hoc opus); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc ( Moldova) (hoc opus).