Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)

Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL

Figs 27K, 52A–C View FIGURE 52

? Cerithium minutum View in CoL M. d. Serres— Manzoni 1869: 494, pl. 3, fig. 1 [non Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) View in CoL ].

* Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Mayer 1878a: 89 View in CoL , pl. 2, fig. 5.

Cerithium minutum View in CoL —Quenstedt 1884: 504, pl. 204, fig. 111 [non Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) View in CoL ].

Cerithium europaeum View in CoL May.— Sacco 1895: 13, pl. 1, fig. 43.

C [erithium]. europaeum var. perutriculata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13 , pl. 1, fig. 44.

C [erithium]. europaeum var. graciliornata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13 , pl. 1, fig. 45.

C [erithium]. europaeum var. cingulosella Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13 , pl. 1, fig. 46.

Cerithium europaeum View in CoL May.— Macovei 1909: 157, pl. 11, fig. 13.

Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Trentanove 1911: 69 View in CoL , pl. 4, fig. 9.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum View in CoL May. var. cingulosella Sacco— Sieber 1937: 498 View in CoL , pl. 25, figs D1, D6.

? Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Glibert 1949: 148, pl. 9, fig. 13.

Cerithium europaeum Mayer View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 21, pl. 2, figs 13–15.

C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) europaeum View in CoL cingulosella Sacco— Sieber 1958: 137.

Cerithium europaeum var. graciliornata Sacco— Strachimirov 1960b: 262 View in CoL , pl. 5, figs 4–4b.

Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Strachimirov 1960b: 262 View in CoL , pl. 5, figs 6–6b.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum Mayer—Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 104, pl. 31, figs 1–2.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum var. cingulosella Sacco 1895 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 105, pl. 31, figs 3–4.

Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1975: 144 (pars), pl. 17, fig. 3 (only).

Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer 1878 — Krach 1981: 58, pl. 16, figs 6–10.

Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer— Davoli 1991: 56 View in CoL , pl. 4, figs 2–4.

Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum cingulosella Sacco— Kókay 1996: 456 View in CoL , pl. 3, fig. 1.

Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL — Dominici et al. 2020: 76, fig. 9C.

non Cerithium europaeum View in CoL May.— Friedberg 1914: 254, pl. 16, fig. 3 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) View in CoL ]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum View in CoL May.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 32, pl. 2, fig. 3 [= Pithocerithium sp. ]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum View in CoL May.— Strausz 1954: 16, 96, pl. 3, fig. 48 [= Pithocerithium sp. ]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 View in CoL — Strausz 1955: 21, 137, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 6, 8, 9 [= Thericium minutum

( Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum View in CoL May.— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 18 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum May.— Florei 1961: 682, pl. 7, fig. 47 [= Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) ]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer — Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962: 88, pl. 10, fig. 3 [= Thericium miodacicum

sp. nov.]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Strausz 1962: 47 , pl. 9, figs 19–26 [fig. 23 = T. minutum ( Naumann, 1852) ; figs

24–26 = Pithocerithium sp. ]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Strausz 1966: 130, pl. 9, figs 19–26 [fig. 23 = T. minutum ( Naumann, 1852) ;

figs 24–26 = Pithocerithium sp. ]. non Cerithium europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 7 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) ]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1970: 118 , pl. 10, fig. 18 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum [sic] May.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 22 [= Thericium minutum

( Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973: 165, pl. 24, fig.2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum

( Sacco, 1895)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer 1878 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1043, 1107, pl. 4, fig. 10 [= Thericium minutum

( Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1975: 144 , pl. 17, figs 1–2 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Atanacković 1985: 107, pl. 24, figs 1–3 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Mikuž 2009: 20, pl. 5, fig. 62 [= Pithocerithium sp. ]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 3–4 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Bałuk 2006: 197, pl. 8, figs 8–9 [= Thericium minutum ( Naumann,

1852)]. non Cerithium europaeum Mayer 1878 — D’Amico et al. 2012: 159, pl. 1, fig. 4 [= Pithocerithium sp. ].

Type material. Lectotype, designated herein, specimen illustrated in Mayer 1878a (pl. 2, fig. 5), SL: 30 mm, MD: 13 mm, Pontlevoy ( France), Middle Miocene, Langhian. ETH Zürich ( Switzerland). The syntypes, which were part of a collection now stored at the ETH Zürich ( Switzerland) cannot be found and might be lost (pers. comm. Iwan Stössel , June 1 st 2022).

Illustrated material. NHMW 1866/0040/0322, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 52A View FIGURE 52 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0042/0003, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 52B View FIGURE 52 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0042/0004, SL: 24.5 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 52C View FIGURE 52 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0042/0005, SL: 22.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Fig. 27K.

Additional material. 31 spec., NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0151, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1876 View Materials /0011/0052, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 11 spec., NHMW 1867 View Materials /0019/0189, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1863 View Materials /0040/0019, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 13 spec, NHMW 1866 View Materials /0001/1119, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1863 View Materials /0015/0019, Forchtenau ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. D6).

Revised description. Medium sized, moderately stout, ovate shell of up to ten teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 24–30 mm in height; apical angle 45–58°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with delicate spiral sculpture. Later teleoconch whorls with indistinct, slightly swollen subsutural cord, weakly concave subsutural ramp and mid-whorl angulation. Abapically, sculpture of numerous fine spiral cords of secondary and tertiary strength intercalated, separated by narrow grooves; subsutural cord continues poorly delimited, bearing irregular, indistinct tubercles; mid-whorl angulation with more prominent spiral cord and wide spaced, low-triangular, pointed tubercles; narrow, poorly delimited, fold-like axial ribs may appear below angulation. Suture narrowly incised, irregularly undulating. Last whorl ovate, weakly angulated at about two-thirds whorl height, attaining 50–55% of total height; with delicate, faintly beaded peribasal cord. Base moderately constricted with several weak primary to tertiary spiral cords, fasciole indistinct. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella weakly and broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately wide, with small parietal denticle. Outer lip thin, crenulated. Siphonal canal short, relatively wide, slightly deflected to the left.

Synonyms. Cerithium europaeum perutriculata Sacco, 1895 , Cerithium europaeum graciliornata Sacco, 1895 and Cerithium europaeum cingulosella Sacco, 1895 co-occur with typical shells of Thericium europaeum at Stazzano, Montegibbio and S. Agata and were erected by Sacco (1895) based on minor differences in sculpture and outline, which in our opinion do not justify separation. Cerithium europaeum doliolaevis Sacco, 1895 might represent a Pithocerithium species.

Discussion. This species was confused in the literature and the NHMW collection with Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, stockier shape and higher last whorl. Its spiral sculpture has narrower cords and wider interspaces, and the sculpture of the subsutural cord is more prominent. Thericium potzleindorfense ( Sacco, 1895) , from the late Badenian of Austria, differs in its much larger size and dome-shaped spire. Davoli (1991) considered the specimen illustrated by Manzoni (1869: pl. 3, fig. 1) as Cerithium minutum from the Tortonian of Sogliano ( Italy) as conspecific with T. europaeum . The illustration, however, is not clear.

Paleoecology. Unknown.

Distribution. Occurring in the Northeastern Atlantic and the Central Paratethys during the Langhian, and early/ middle Badenian (Middle Miocene) and in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea during the Tortonian (Late Miocene).

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek ( Poland) ( Krach 1981); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Budapest (Illés street) ( Hungary) ( Kókay 1996); Bahna Basin ( Macovei 1909); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Dylgodeltsi, Lipen, Opanets, Partitovtsi, Staropatitsa, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, Stazzano, S. Agata ( Italy) ( Sacco 1895); Emilia-Romagna: Sogliano ( Italy) ( Davoli 1991); Livorno Hills ( Italy) ( Dominici et al. 2020). Pliocene records listed by Sacco (1895) will need verification.

Northeastern Atlantic. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Pontlevoy ( France) (Mayer 1878).