Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)

Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)

Figs 40A–G View FIGURE 40

Cerithium doliolum Brocc.— Hörnes 1855: 392 View in CoL (pars), pl. 41, figs 11, 13 [non Pithocerithium doliolum ( Brocchi 1814) ]. * Cerithium Turonicum Mayer— Mayer 1878b: 181 View in CoL , pl. 4, fig. 9. [ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum View in CoL ] var. exdoliolum Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 29 . [ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum View in CoL ] var. dolioloconica Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 29 . Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 View in CoL — Glibert 1949: 149, pl. 9, fig. 14. Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) mediterraneum Deshayes View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 33, pl. 2, fig. 5 [non Deshayes 1843]. Cerithium procrenatum Sacco — Montanaro-Gallitelli & Tacoli 1951: 173, pl. 1, fig. 16 [non Thericium procrenatum ( Sacco,

1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum View in CoL May.— Florei 1961: 682, pl. 7, fig. 47 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL ]. Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco— Strausz 1962: 47 , pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1966: 131, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. Cerithium (Thericium) doliolum ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 7 [non Pithocerithium doliolum ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Cerithium (Thericium) italicum Mayer, 1878 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 8 [non Pithocerithium italicum

(Mayer, 1878)]. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 132, pl. 31, figs 9–11. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Bałuk 1975: 148 (pars), pl. 17, figs 9–10 (only). Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Krach 1981: 59, pl. 16, fig. 16. Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) — Koubová et al. 2024: 51, fig. 8G.

? non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) turonense Mayer— Cossmann & Peyrot 1922: 194 , pl. 5, figs 43–44. non Cerithium (Pithocerithium) turonicum Mayer— Sieber 1937: 500 , pl. 25, fig. E2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco,

1895)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) exdoliolum Sacco 1895 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 106, pl. 31, fig.

8 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum turonicum Mayer— Mariani & Papp 1966: 143 , pl. 1, figs 1–2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. non Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 8 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco,

1895)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Iljina 1993: 79, pl. 10, figs 5–8 [= Pithocerithium rubiginosum ( Eichwald,

1830)].

non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer— Kókay 1996: 456 View in CoL , pl. 3, fig. 2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. non Cerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 5–8 [= Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov.]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL — Bošnjak et al. 2021: 228, fig. 3B [= Thericium View in CoL ].

Type material. Lectotype designated herein: ETH 2923, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, ETH Zürich ( Switzerland), Fig. 40B View FIGURE 40 . The syntypes are stored as lot in which the specimen, which was illustrated in Mayer (1878b: pl. 4, fig. 9) cannot be identified any more. Therefore, we selected the specimen, which is closest to the illustration as lectotype . Paralectotypes: ETH 2923, SL: 21.5 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, ETH Zürich ( Switzerland), Fig. 40A View FIGURE 40 . ETH 2923, SL: 18.0 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, ETH Zürich ( Switzerland), Fig. 40C View FIGURE 40 . ETH 2923, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, ETH Zürich ( Switzerland), Fig. 40D View FIGURE 40 . The type locality was not mentioned in Mayer (1878b) but on the label the locality is given as Ferrière-Larçon at Tours ( France); Middle Miocene, Langhian. The name turonicum also suggests an origin from the Middle Miocene of France .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1999z0098/0007, SL: 21.6 mm, MD: 10.6 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 11), Natural History Museum Vienna, holotype of Pithocerithium exdoliolum ( Sacco, 1895) , Figs 40E View FIGURE 40 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . The same specimen was erroneously designated as lectotype by Švagrovský (1982: 20). Note that Hörnes (1855) listed the Karpatian locality Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) as origin of the specimen but the preservation, with remnants of the color pattern, excludes this affiliation. The preservation is identical to the specimen from Mikulov ( Czechia) illustrated by Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, fig. 13). NHMW 1849/0012/0018, SL: 19.8 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Mikulov ( Czechia), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 13a–b), holotype of Pithocerithium dolioloconicum ( Sacco, 1895) , Figs 40F View FIGURE 40 1 –F View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1855/0002/0023, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Grund ( Austria), Figs 40G View FIGURE 40 1 –G View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Additional material. 17 spec., NHMW 1851 View Materials /0013/0079, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1851 View Materials /0013/0079a, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1851 View Materials /0008/0079, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1866 View Materials /0040/0122, Marz ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1855 View Materials /0002/0023, Grund ( Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1869 View Materials /0001/0046, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 1846 View Materials /0037/0358, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. D1); 12 spec., NHMW 1860 View Materials /0001/0270, Mikulov ( Czechia) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1860 View Materials /0270/0006, Mikulov ( Czechia) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1863 View Materials /0033/0008, Boršov (Porstendorf) ( Czechia) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1860 View Materials /0001/0270, Hlohovec (Bischofswart), ( Czechia) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0030/0045, Nagymaros ( Hungary) ; 13 spec., NHMW 1859 View Materials /0042/0019, Hidas ( Hungary) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0025/0024, Hidas ( Hungary) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0149, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1874 View Materials /0033/0017, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0150, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; all Badenian (Middle Miocene).

Revised description. Small to medium sized, stocky shell of about ten teleoconch whorls, with conical spire, attaining 18–21 mm in height; apical angle 47–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls abraded on all available specimens. Spire whorls conical, almost straight sided. Sculpture of three spiral rows of relatively widely spaced tubercles. Subsutural spiral row of rounded, subquadratic tubercles; second spiral row placed mid-whorl slightly more prominent with faintly pointed tubercles. Third spiral row above abapical suture with weak, horizontally elongated tubercles. Tubercles vaguely obliquely axially arranged on early spire whorls, offset on last two whorls. Narrow non-tubercular, secondary spiral cords intercalated in interspaces. Suture narrowly incised, linear. Last whorl broad, ovate, attaining ~57% of total height. Four tubercular spiral cords; tubercles on subsutural cord most prominent, separated from next tubercular primary by slightly wider concavity, other three primary cords variable in strength; subequal in most specimens; single narrow secondary in each interspace. Base weakly constricted, delimited by fifth tubercular peribasal cord, 4–5 further prominent non-tubercular cords over base and fasciole. Aperture ovate, wide. Columella broadly excavated, Columellar callus forming narrow, slightly thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, wide, with moderately developed parietal denticle. Outer lip not thickened. Siphonal canal very short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.

Synonyms. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 was introduced by Sacco (1895) for the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855; pl. 41, fig. 11). Hörnes (1855) gave Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) as locality of that specimen, but the preservation, with remnants of color pattern, excludes this locality and suggests a Badenian locality of the Vienna Basin, such as Mikulov ( Czechia).

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum dolioloconicum Sacco, 1895 ; this name was overlooked so far in the literature because it was introduced by Sacco (1895: 29) somewhat hidden within a discussion on P. turonicum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL referring to the specimen illustrated as fig. 13 in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41).

Discussion. This species was confused with Pithocerithium longiuscatum ( Sacco, 1895) and P. mediolanionense nom. nov. in the Paratethyan literature, although it is quite distinct due to its conical and relatively short spire, and the relatively wide interspace between the subsutural and mid-whorl cord on the last whorl. This species is the only cerithiid, which is documented so far from the Paratethys Sea and the Northeastern Atlantic.

Pithocerithium italicum (Mayer, 1878) , from the Tortonian of Italy, might be a descendent of P. turonicum View in CoL and is comparable in size and outline but has a more prominent mid-whorl angulation (see Mayer 1878b: 178, pl. 4, fig. 6; Sacco 1895: 25, pl. 2, fig. 63; Trentanove 1911: 67, pl. 4, figs 10–14, 21–22; Venzo & Pelosio, 1963: 70, pl. 33, figs 34–38; Robba 1968: 518, pl. 40, figs 4a–b; Dominici et al. 2020: 76, Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ).

See Pithocerithium rubiginosum ( Eichwald, 1830) for discussion on differences and potential phylogenetic relations.

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.)

Distribution. Pithocerithium turonicum was described from the Langhian of the Northeastern Atlantic but was also widespread in the Central Paratethys during the Badenian (Langhian, Early Serravallian). During the Konkian (Early Serravallian), it appeared also in the Eastern Paratethys Sea.

Central Paratethys. Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1975); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria), Boršov (Porstendorf), Hlohovec (Bischofswart), Žabčice, Jaroměřice ( Czechia) (Montanaro Gallitelli & Tacoli 1951); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Mikulov ( Czechia) ( Hörnes 1855; hoc opus); Danube Basin: Dubová ( Slovakia) ( Koubová et al. 2024); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Marz ( Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Nagymaros, Sámsonháza ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Strausz 1966; hoc opus); Mehadia Basin : Valea Bela Reca, Valea Globului, Valea Satului ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (hoc opus); Banat: Zorenţul-Mare ( Florei 1961).

Northeastern Atlantic. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Ferrière-Larçon, Manthelan, Louhans, Paulmy, Pont-Levoy ( France) ( Mayer 1878b).