Thericium zeuschneri ( Pusch, 1836 )

Thericium zeuschneri ( Pusch, 1836)

Figs 27P, 61A–E View FIGURE 61

* C [erithium]. Zeuschneri Nob.— Pusch 1836: 528 .

Cerithium Zeuschneri m.— Pusch 1837: 148 (pars), pl. 12, fig. 13 [non fig. 14 = Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895) ].

[ Cerithium View in CoL ] Zeuschneri Pusch— Hauer 1837: 419 .

Cerithium Zeuschneri Pusch— Hörnes 1848: 21 .

[ Cerithium View in CoL ] Grateloupii Hörnes— Hörnes 1848: 21 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].

Cerithium Zeuschneri Eichwald 1853: 153 .

Cerithium View in CoL Grateloupii — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 23 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].

[ Cerithium View in CoL ] Grateloupii Hörn.— Naumann 1854: 1066 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].

Cerithium Zeuschneri Pusch— Hörnes 1855: 388 , pl. 41, figs 5–6.

Cerithium calculosum View in CoL — Quenstedt 1884: 499, pl. 204, figs 69, 70 [non Thericium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825) ].

Cerithium Zeuchneri View in CoL [sic] Pusch— Macovei 1909: pl. 11, 157, fig. 12.

Cerithium Zejszneri View in CoL [sic] Pusch— Friedberg 1914: 257, pl. 16, fig. 6.

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) Zeuschneri Pusch— Sieber 1937: 492 .

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) Zeuschneri Pusch var. ancestralis n. v. — Sieber 1937: 492, pl. 24, fig. D4.

Cerithium (Thericium) zejszneri [sic] Pusch— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 17.

C. (T [iaracerithium].) zeuschneri zeuschneri Pusch— Sieber 1958: 137 .

C. (T [iaracerithium].) zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber— Sieber 1958: 137.

Cerithium zeischneri Pusch— Strachimirov 1960b: 263 , pl. 5, fig. 5.

Cerithium zeuschneri letkésensis nov. var. — Strausz 1959: 149, 322, pl. 2, figs 7–8.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) zeuschneri Pusch 1837 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 105, pl. 31, figs 6–7.

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch— Báldi 1960: 61 , pl. 1, fig. 10.

Cerithium zeuschneri letkésensis Strausz 1959 — Boda 1964: 110.

Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch— Strausz 1962: 47 , pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 11, fig. 2.

Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz— Strausz 1962: 47 , pl. 10, figs 1, 4.

Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Strausz 1966: 134, pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 11, fig. 2.

Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959 — Strausz 1966: 135, pl. 10, figs 1, 4.

Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 156, pl. 38, figs 16–17.

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Bałuk 1975: 150, pl. 18, figs 6–9.

Conocerithium banaticum ( Boettger, 1902) — Švagrovský 1981: 133, pl. 41, fig. 9 [non Hemicerithium banaticum ( Boettger, 1902) View in CoL ].

Cerithium (Thericium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Švagrovský 1981: 132, pl. 41, figs 6–8.

Cerithium (Thericium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Atanacković 1985: 106, pl. 25, figs 12–16.

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri zeuschneri Pusch— Schultz 1998: 58 , pl. 22, fig. 1.

Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Tiţă 2007: 547 , fig. 5f [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878) View in CoL ].

Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 3.

non Cerithium Zeuschneri— Quenstedt 1884: 490 View in CoL , pl. 204, figs 41–42 [= Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895) ].

non Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) cf. Zeuschneri Pusch— Cossmann & Peyrot 1922: 187 , pl. 5, fig. 14 [= Batillariidae View in CoL ?].

Type material. Neotype designated herein: BkK-G 276-279 (Paleontological Institute of the Warsaw University, Poland), SL: 28 mm, MD: 13 mm, illustrated in Bałuk (1975: pl. 18, fig. 6), Middle Miocene (Badenian), Korytnica ( Poland). Pusch (1837) illustrated two specimens which are obviously not conspecific. Consequently, Hörnes (1855) excluded the specimen illustrated in Pusch (1837: pl. 12, fig. 14) from Cerithium zeuschneri [= Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895) ]. The whereabouts of the syntypes, described by Pusch (1836) from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Korytnica ( Poland) are unknown and the specimens are lost. To clarify the situation, we designate a neotype from Korytnica.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1876/0011/0051, SL: 28.9 mm, MD: 12.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 61A View FIGURE 61 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1846/0037/0355, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 6a–b), Figs 61B View FIGURE 61 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1846/0037/0356, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 5a–b), Figs 61C View FIGURE 61 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1863/0015/0746, SL: 20.6 mm, MD: 8.3, mm, Niederleis ( Austria), holotype of Cerithium zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937 , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. D4), Figs 61D View FIGURE 61 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0040/0010, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 12.0 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 61E View FIGURE 61 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0029/0002, SL: 22.9 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria), Fig. 27P.

Additional material. M.7., illustrated in Strausz (1959: pl. 2, figs 7–8), Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary (Budapest), Letkés ( Hungary), holotype of Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959 ; 53 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0264, Steinebrunn and Gainfarn ( Austria); 11 spec., NHMW 1969/0001/0529, Forchtenau ( Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1846/0037/0356, Möllersdorf ( Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1859/0032/0157, Möllersdorf ( Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1866/9940/0124, Baden-Sooss ( Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1863/0015/0746, Niederleis ( Austria), paratype of Cerithium zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937 ; 1 spec., NHMW 1855/0038/0038, Korytnica ( Poland); 1 spec., NHMW 1861/0011/0104, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czechia); 6 spec., NHMW 1865/0015/0085, Lysice ( Czechia); 5 spec., NHMW 1865/0036/0122, Lysice ( Czechia); 6 spec., NHMW 1867/0019/0187, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania); 11 spec., NHMW 1868/0001/0500, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 30 spec., NHMW 1854/0035/0292, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania).

Revised description. Medium-sized shell of up to 13 teleoconch whorls and gradate, strongly coronate spire, attaining ~ 20–29 mm in height; apical angle 42–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls conical, straight sided with several broad, flat spiral cords separated by narrow interspaces; broad indistinct, widely spaced axial ribs with 2–3 weak varices per whorl. On about sixth whorl profile changing abruptly to subcylindrical with markedly gradate and coronate profile, coinciding with onset of row of pointed tubercles (8–12 last whorl) developed at shoulder, placed close below adapical suture. Suture moderately impressed, weakly undulating. Last whorl subcylindrical, attaining ~45% of total height, angled at shoulder placed immediately below suture and at one or two peribasal cords bearing smaller, more numerous, often spiny tubercles. Weaker secondary cords over base and fasciole, with slightly strengthened perifasciolar cord. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella broadly and weakly excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal broad, deep, distinct parietal denticle. Outer lip wide, crenulated, thin, often with terminal varix. Weak spiral lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderate length and width, deeply incised, only slightly deflected to the left.

Synonyms. Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937 is based on two specimens with weak tubercles. This ‘variety’ was separated by Sieber (1937) also on the erroneous assumption, that the specimens from Niederleis ( Austria) are older than other occurrences of the Vienna Basin. The locality, however, is of middle Badenian age (containing Orbulina ) like the other Austrian localities Steinebrunn, Gainfarn and Möllersdorf ( Mandic et al., 2004; own data M.H.). Similarly, Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959 was based on a specimen with weak sculpture.

Discussion. This species is characterized by its barrel-shaped, strongly coronate whorls. Early teleoconch whorls show that the tubercles correspond to the mid-whorl spiral cord with tubercles in Thericium europaeum ( Mayer, 1878a) and Thericium minutum ( Naumann, 1852) and therefore, we place it in the same group. Thericium zeuschneri ( Pusch, 1836) displays some variability concerning sculpture of tubercles, which range from weak, rounded to prominent and spiny. Especially populations from Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) contain many specimens with pointed tubercles and slightly concave whorl profiles between the spiral rows of tubercles. Such specimens are rare but present also in the populations from Steinebrunn ( Austria) and therefore, we refrain from separating this morphotype as distinct species.

Quenstedt (1884: 499) described this species as Cerithium calculosum de Basterot, 1825 from the Sarmatian of Nexing ( Austria). This record is obviously based on mixing of material from other localities as the Badenian T. zeuschneri , does not occur in Sarmatian strata and is unknown from the enormously rich material from Nexing.

Paleoenvironment. This species was commonly found in sandy deposits at Devínska Nová Ves ( Slovakia) suggesting agitated sublittoral conditions partly with seagrass meadows ( Biskupič 2023). Similarly, occurrences at Gainfarn ( Austria), suggest inner neritic environments with seagrass ( Zuschin et al. 2007).

Distribution. Thericium zeuschneri is restricted to the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys Sea.

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1975); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1914); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1914); North Alpine -Carpathian Foredeep: Grund ( Austria) ( Hörnes 1855); Przibitz, Lysice ( Czechia) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ( Hörnes 1855; Sieber 1937); Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czechia) ( Sieber 1937); Devínska Nová Ves ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1981); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) ( Hörnes 1855); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Devecser, Szokolya ( Hungary) ( Báldi 1960; Strausz 1966), Hrvaćani, Čaklovica ( Bosnia and Hercegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Popa et al. 2014; hoc opus); Bahna Basin: Curchia river ( Romania) ( Macovei 1909; Tiţă 2007); Dacian Basin: Staropatitsa, Opanets, Trifonovo, Tyrnene, Urovene, Yasen ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).