Stereaceae Pilát

Stereaceae Pilát View in CoL View at ENA , Hedwigia 70: 34. 1930.

Type genus: Stereum Hill ex Pers. 1794 .

Basidiomes annual or perennial, effused, resupinate, cupulate to effuse-reflexed to pileate, adnate, membranaceous, coriaceous, ceraceous, or gelatinous. Pilei (if present) initially tomentose, in most species becoming glabrous with age. Hymenophore smooth or tuberculate. Hyphal system monomitic or dimitic, generative hyphae simple-septate or nodose-septate, skeletal hyphae thick-walled, hyaline to yellowish. Subiculum indistinct or absent in some genera. Gloeocystidia present in all genera, acanthohyphidia, skeletocystidia and acutocystidia present in some species. Basidia clavate to subcylindrical, smooth or with spines, thinto thick-walled, with two or four sterigmata. Basidiospores usually cylindrical, allantoid or ellipsoid, thin- to thick-walled, smooth or ornamented, amyloid, acyanophilous.

Notes: Species in Stereaceae are saprotrophs causing a white rot on various deciduous and coniferous trees. The Stereaceae clade received strong support values in the phylogenetic analyses of Russulales ( Larsson & Larsson 2003, Miller et al. 2006, Larsson 2007). In the present study, 14 lineages within Stereaceae , viz. Acanthobasidium , Acanthofungus , Aleurobotrys , Aleurodiscus , Conferticium , Confertotrama , Gelatinostereum , Gloeocystidiopsis , Gloeomyces , Gloeosoma , Megalocystidium , Stereodiscus , Stereum and Xylobolus , were supported as monophyletic genera. Although several lineages of Aleurodiscus s. lat. are confirmed, this group still needs further analysis with more taxa to be sequenced and analysed.

1a. Basidiospores ornamented...................................................................................................................................................... 2

1b. Basidiospores smooth ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

2a. Generative hyphae simple-septate.......................................................................................................................................... 3

2b. Generative hyphae nodose-septate ........................................................................................................................................ 6

3a. Acanthohyphidia absent .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

3b. Acanthohyphidia present ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

4a. Basidiospores ≤ 12 µm long ....................................................................................................................... Gloeocystidiopsis View in CoL

4b. basidiospores ≥ 12 µm long ............................................................................................................. Aleurodiscus amorphus View in CoL

5a. Acanthohyphidia with an amyloid reaction........................................................................................................... Aleurobotrys

5b. Acanthohyphidia without an amyloid reaction....................................................................................... Aleurodiscus pinicola View in CoL

6a. Acanthohyphidia absent .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

6b. Acanthohyphidia present ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

7a. Basidiospores <20 µm long .............................................................................................................................. Confertotrama

7b. Basidiospores> 20 µm long .................................................................................................................... Aleurodiscus grantii View in CoL

8a. Basidiomes resupinate, usually on monocotyledons................................................................................... Acanthobasidium View in CoL

8b. Basidiomes discoid, cupulate to resupinate, usually on dicotyledons ..................................................................................... 9

9a. Distributed in Northern Hemisphere ....................................................................... Aleurodiscus spp. , Gloeosoma mirabile View in CoL

9b. Distributed in Southern Hemisphere....................................................................................................................... Gloeosoma View in CoL 10a. Basidiospores thick-walled ........................................................................................................................ Aleurodiscus fujii

10b. Basidiospores thin-walled.....................................................................................................................................................11

11a. Acanthohyphidia absent....................................................................................................................................................... 12

11b. Acanthohyphidia present ..................................................................................................................................................... 17

12a. Basidia repetitive ............................................................................................................................................... Conferticium View in CoL

12b. Basidia not repetitive ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

13a. Basidiomes strictly resupinate ............................................................................................................................................. 14

13b. Basidiomes resupinate, cupulate to stereoid....................................................................................................................... 15

14a. Basidiomes subceraceous with a tight context............................................................................... Confertotrama rugulosa

14b. Basidiomes membranaceous with a rather loose context .......................................................................... Megalocystidium View in CoL

15a. Basidiospores ≥ 12 µm long .............................................................................................................................. Stereodiscus View in CoL

15b. Basidiospores <12 µm long ................................................................................................................................................ 16

16a. Basidiomes coriaceous; pseudocystidia present....................................................................................................... Stereum View in CoL

16b. Basidiomes gelatinous when juvenile; pseudocystidia absent .................................................................... Gelatinostereum

17a. Generative hyphae nodose-septate .................................................................................................................................... 18

17b. Generative hyphae simple-septate...................................................................................................................................... 20

18a. Basidiomes pulvinate, thick ........................................................................................................................... Acanthofungus View in CoL

18b. Basidiomes effused, thin ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

19a. Basidiomes usually with a bluish tint ........................................................................................... Xylobolus lividocoeruleus

19b. Basidiomes usually without a bluish tint ............................................................................................................. Gloeomyces View in CoL

20a. Subiculum thin..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

20b. Subiculum well-developed................................................................................................................................................... 22

21a. Causing a white pocket rot ..................................................................................................................................... Xylobolus View in CoL

21b. Causing a typical white rot.................................................................................................................................. Gloeomyces View in CoL

22a. Basidiospores cylindrical, large .................................................................................................................. Megalocystidium View in CoL

22b. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical, relatively small................................................................................................ Stereum View in CoL