Anthurium caparaoense Temponi, Camelo & Nadruz, 2018

1. Anthurium caparaoense Temponi, Camelo & Nadruz View in CoL sp. nov. ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 )

In Anthurium caparaoense View in CoL the spathe is greenish with vinaceous tingeing, the spadix is greenish at anthesis and the petiole is adaxially flattened to slightly sulcate with obtuse margins. It is most similar to Anthurium cipoense Temponi View in CoL in Temponi & Coelho (2011: 62), which differs in its slightly wider leaf blades, the entire and persistent prophylls, vinaceous to brownish spathe, vinaceous spadix and usually longer (5.3 − 17.4 cm). Anthurium caparaoense View in CoL could also be mistaken for Anthurium megapetiolatum Gonçalves (2001: 6) View in CoL , but differs in the petiole adaxially sulcate with acute margins and vinaceous to brownish spadix longer than 6 cm. Anthurium narae Nadruz, Camelo & Temponi View in CoL in Camelo et al. (2018) differs from Anthurium caparaoense View in CoL in its petiole adaxially flattened to sulcate with keeled margins and considerably wider leaf blade.

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, estrada para a tronqueira, 03 Mar 2010, fl., M. O. Bunger 291 (holotype BHCB!, isotype RB!).

Terrestrial. Stem erect, red internally in cross section, internodes 0.9 − 2.0 cm long.; cataphylls and prophylls red to brownish, persistence entire at the apex to slightly decomposed at the base of the stem. Petiole greenish sometimes reddish at the base, adaxially flattened to slightly sulcate with obtuse margins, obtuse abaxially, 15.5 − 40.0 cm long, geniculum 0.4 − 0.5 cm long.; leaf blade green, slightly discolor, erect, chartaceous to coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, lacking glandular punctuations, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, base acute, truncate to slightly cordate, 19.0 − 41.0 × 4.5 − 8.7 cm; midrib green on both sides, acute adaxially, obtuse abaxially; primary lateral veins 11 − 12 on both sides, strongly insculped adaxially and prominent abaxially; secondary lateral veins strongly insculped adaxially and prominent abaxially, basal vein 1 − (0) on each side; collective vein 0.5 − 0.9 cm from margin. Inflorescence: peduncle green with reddish tingeing at the apex, slightly quadrangular in cross-section, 27.0 − 41.0 cm long.; spathe greenish with vinaceous tingeing at the apex, orange in post-anthesis, membranaceous, reflexed at pre-anthesis, patent at anthesis and post-anthesis, persistent into early fruit, ovate, 3 − 5.5 × 0.6 − 0.7 cm, forming an obtuse angle with peduncle; stipe absent to short, 0.2 cm long; spadix greenish at pre-anthesis and anthesis, orange at post-anthesis, terete, 3.0 − 8.3 × 0.3 − 0.6 cm, pollen grains yellow; principal spiral with 4 − 5 flowers; alternate spiral with 7 − 8 flowers. Immature berries green.

Phenology: —The species was found with flowers in January, March, April, June, September, October and in early fruit in October.

Eponymy: —The specific epithet “caparaoense ” is given in honor of the Caparaó National Park, where the species was found.

History and geographic distribution: —The first collection of this new species was made by M. O. Bunger (Bunger 291) in 2010 in Alto Caparaó and is deposited in the BHCB and RB herbaria. It was initially identified as Anthurium megapetiolatum but showed morphological distinctions from this species. Collections of new individuals in January 2017 were made in fragments of semideciduous seasonal montane forest in Espera Feliz, between the coordinates 20º29’19’’ − 20º24’36’’S and 41º49’17” − 41º50’13’’W ( Figure 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Thus, it is known only at localities in two municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, in the Caparaó National Park, at elevations ranging from 1400 − 1970 m.

Habitat and ecology: — Anthurium caparaoense occurs in terrestrial habitats and can be found in semideciduous montane forest, in shady places inside the forest. It occurs in small populations, distributed in groups of 3 − 4 individuals.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó, 11 Mar 2010, fl., M. O. Bunguer et al. 518 ( BHCB!), 11 Mar 2010, fl., G. Heringer et al. 456 ( BHCB!) 26 Jan 2017, fl., M. C. Camelo el al. 03 ( RB!, UNOP!), 02 Oct 2017, fl., L. S. Leoni 10.461 ( GFJP!). 25 Nov 2017, est., L. S. Leoni 10.323 ( GFJP!). Espera Feliz, 05 Jun 2012, fl., R. I. Silva et al. 63 ( HUEMG!). 21 Nov 2016, fl., C.D. M. Ferreira et al 368 ( RB!). 26 Apr 2017, fl., L. G. Temponi et al. 1301 ( RB!). 25 Apr 2017, fr., M. Nadruz et al. 3159 ( RB!).

Notes:— Anthurium caparaoense belongs to Anthurium sect. Urospadix subsect. Insculptinervia , from its erect coriaceous leaf blade with the primary lateral veins strongly insculpted adaxially. It is morphologically similar to A. cipoense , endemic to the Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais, which differs from the new species by its entire persistent prophylls, vinaceous spathe and spadix and generally longer spadix ( Table 1).

This new species could also be mistaken for A. megapetiolatum , which differs by its adaxially sulcate petiole with acute margins and vinaceous to brownish spadix, longer than 6 cm. A third species, A. narae , endemic in the municipality of Carandaí, Minas Gerais, differs from the new species by its adaxially flattened to sulcate petioles with keeled margins and wider leaf blade (15.0 − 17.5 cm) ( Table 1).