Lycidola batesi Martins & Galileo, 1991

Lycidola batesi Martins & Galileo, 1991 View in CoL

( Fig. 30 View Figures 28-31 )

Lycidola batesi Martins & Galileo, 1991: 554 View in CoL .

Remarks. – This species was described based on syntypes from Brazil (Amazonas and Pará). According to Bates (1866): “ Var. Base of each elytron with a small fulvous spot in continuation of the thoracic stripe; lateral edge of the elytron also fulvous near the base (approaching L. palliata, Klug ). Tapajos;” and, “The typical form not uncommon at Ega, on leaves. The var. found only on the banks of the Tapajos.” Aurivillius (1923) recorded:

“ simulatrix Bates, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) XVII, 1866, p. 368 (239). – Gah. Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc. 1912–13, t. 9, f. 2, 3.” ab. Batesi n. nom.

simulatrix var. Bates, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) XVII, 1866, p. 368 (240).”

Martins& Galileo (1991) considered L. simulatrix ab. batesi as a distinct species and reported (translated): “ Bates (1866) described L. simulatrix based on “a typical form,” from Tefé,Amazonas, with black humeri and elytra with the transverse central band white, and on a “variety,” from Tapajós, Pará, with orangish humeral macula and elytra with the transverse central band yellowish-white. Aurivillius (1923) named this variety as Lycidola simulatrix ab. batesi . The specimens now examined fromPará coincide with batesi and also with the original description and illustration of L. palliata (Klug) , originally known from Bahia. It is very likely that batesi and palliata are synonyms, which can be confirmed by examining specimens from Bahia.” According to Martins & Galileo (2014a) on L. batesi (translated): “We did not examine specimens of L. palliata and found no differences,according to the original description and figure, to distinguish it from L. batesi . However, both have different geographical distributions, L. palliata was described from Bahia and assigned to Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro (ZAJCIW, 1972a) and L. batesi from Pará. The description presented above for L. palliata agrees with L. batesi .” They also reported in remarks of L. affinis Martins & Galileo, 2012 (translated):“ AURIVILLIUS(1923) changed the statusof Lycidola simulatrix var.( BATES,1866:368) and named thisvariety as L.batesi , a species that occurs in Brazil (Amazonas and Pará).” However, Lycidola simulatrix var.(= L.batesi ) occurs only in Brazil (Pará) and Bolivia.

It is probable that Lycidola batesi and L. palliata ( Klug, 1825) are two names of the same species, although the original illustration by Klug (1825) shows the antennomere IV as very swollen.However, it is very likely that L. simulatrix is only a chromatic variation of L. palliata . To reinforce this opinion, photographs of specimens from French Guiana, identified as L. simulatrix , with orangish humerus were examined. It is very common to find in Bahia ( Brazil) species of Cerambycidae that also occur in French Guiana. Apparently, the prothoracic and elytral shape in L. palliata / L. batesi is also somewhat variable. However, the synonymy, between the three species names, or between L. batesi and L. palliata , cannot be established without examining a larger number of specimens from the Amazon region and northeast and southeast Brazil.

It is important to note that L. batesi is not an available name in Aurivillius (1923) ( ICZN 1999: Article 45.6.2).Therefore, Lycidola batesi is attributed to Martins & Galileo, 1991.

Currently, L. simulatrix is known from Bolivia, French Guiana and Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia); L. batesi from Bolivia and

24. ♀ from Brazil, dorsal habitus. 25 -27 . ♂ from Ecuador. 25. Lateral habitus. 26. Dorsal habitus. 27. Ventral habitus .

Brazil (Pará); and L. palliata from Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro) ( Monné 2023b; Tavakilian & Chevillotte 2022).

While the eventual differences between L. simulatrix , L. batesi , and L. palliata remain to be found, there is no reason to consider the specimens from French Guiana as L. simulatrix . As, apparently, all specimens from that place have the humeri orangish or yellowish, they need to be considered as L. batesi . Therefore, L. simulatrix is excluded from the French Guiana fauna, and L. batesi is reported there. L. batesi is tentatively used instead of L. palliata due to the shape of the antennomere IV in Klug (1825), which is probably just an imprecise drawing.

Material examined. – BRAZIL, Acre (new state record): Bujari, FES Antimary , 9º20’01”S 68º19’17”W, 1 ♀, 21.X-4.XI.2016, E.F. Morato & J.A. Rafael leg. ( MZSP 52518 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .