Brasidas manobo, Hennemann, 2023

Brasidas manobo View in CoL n. sp.

( Fig. 16-17 & 70 L-M)

ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/ ED65126E-F38C-41C0-B67C-3D873CAB1AF7

HT, ♀: Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Philippines, Mindanao, Bukidnon Catabglasan , vii.2014, local collector, Gift B. Kneubühler [ RBINS] .

PT, ♂: Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Philippines, Mindanao, Bukidnon Catabglasan , vii.2014, local collector, Gift B. Kneubühler [ RBINS] .

PT, ♂: Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Philippines, Mindanao, Esperanza , Agusan del Norte, vi.2014, Purchased from I. Lumawig, Gift from B. Kneubühler, I.G.: 32.613 [ RBINS] .

Differentiation. – Females of this distinctive new species are the largest knownrepresentatives of the genus and are recognizable by the strongly developed body armature, notably the abdominal terga, which is much stronger than in all other congenerics ( Fig. 16B). Morphologically these ♀ come closest to B. samarensis Rehn & Rehn, 1939 from the island of Samar but in addition to the larger size and more distinct overall body armature differ by the less numerous but stronger mesosternals, presence of a strong pair of post-median mesonotal spines ( Fig. 16G), more obtuse posterolateral angles of the posterior margin of the anal segment ( Fig. 16E) and distinctly down-curved apex of the subgenital plate ( Fig. 16D). Also ♂ most closely resemble those of B. samarensis , with which they share the distinctive green medio-longitudinal streak along the thoracic terga, although it continuous on the abdomen in this new species ( Fig. 17 A-B). Moreover, ♂ of manobo n. sp. are notably larger, have the pair of post-medial spines of the pronotum much larger ( Fig. 17G), all other spines of the head and thorax comparatively more pronounced, the anal segment different and the vomer with a shorter terminal hook ( Fig. 17F). Both sexes can also be separated from samarensis by the shape of the metasternal pseudo-foramina ( Fig. 70 L-M), which are deep, broadly oval (♂) to almost round (♀) cingulate holes (elongateoval and semi-cingulate in samarensis ).

Etymology. – This large new species is named after the Manobos, a diverse ethnic group of indigenous people that inhabit wide parts of Mindanao.

Description ♀ ( Fig. 16)

Form and colouration. – Size very large (body length 121.5 mm), form typical for the genus but with all elements of body armature strongly developed if compared to congenerics; body surface otherwise moderately granular to tubercular. Colouration of the unique ♀ buff to ochre with a few darker brown speckles and some olive portions in particular on the head and thoracic terga; the abdomen somewhat darker and the ventral body surface rather plain drab. All spines olive at the base with the apical half pale orange, the cephalic spines mostly dark green withonlythe tip orange. Legs drab with an olive wash and some faint darker mottling. The antennae pale buff with faint greyish brown annuli.

Head. – Longer than wide, subglobose with vertex gently rounded;supra-antennals and the 3-4 gulars small, the supra-orbitals strong, conical spines and the largest of all cephalic spines; the second pair of supra-orbitals more closely spaced and notably smaller but although similar in shape, somewhat more pronounced than the rather equally sized pair of median and lateral coronals; only onesmallpairof anterior andposterior occipitalmedialspresent ( Fig.16G). Eyes projecting subhemispherically and the diameter of eye contained a little more than 2x inlength of gena. Tip of antennae missing in the unique ♀, consisting of over 22 joints and at least reaching to abdominal segment III; scapus compressed dorsoventrally and subrectangular in outline, pedicellus round in cross-section and notably shorter than scapus, III considerably longer than pedicellus, IV very short and the following joints gradually increasing in the length with the median antennomeres in particular strongly elongate.

Thorax. – Pronotum of similar dimensions as headand with a distinct pre-median narrowing; notably longer than wide with anterior margin expanded laterally.Armed with a prominent pair of fairly acute medial spines just behind the rather shallow and widely V-shaped transverse median sulcus; anterior margin with weakly developed anterior mesal and somewhat more pronounced, small but spiniform antero-laterals; the pair of inter-posteriors minute ( Fig. 16G). Mesothorax notably widening towards the posterior and trapezoidal in outline, moderately elongate and about 2.5x longer than prothorax; the mesonotum with lateral margins weakly expanded posteriorly and slightly narrowing anteriorly, about 2x wider than long. Mesonotum with a distinct pair of anterior spines, a very strong and widely spaced pair of pre-median and equally sized but more narrowly spaced pair of post-median spines ( Fig. 16G); the lateral margins only armed with a very long and strong medio-lateral mesonotal spine, that is similar in size to the pre- and post-medial mesonotals. The posterior mesonotals very strong, comical and the largest of all mesonotal spines; around the base with three much smaller spines ( Fig. 16G). Metanotum weakly trapezoidal in shape and a little wider than long; the posterior metanotals basically similar to posterior mesonotals but metanotum otherwise only with a pair of short median spines. Mesopleurae with a rather conical and short antero-lateral and four similarly but somewhat unequally sized laterals as well as a notably enlarged mediolateralspine; meso-pleural large, spinose and witha few small tubercles at the base. Metapleurae roundly deflexed and armed with five laterals that gradually increase in size as well as two comparatively smaller supra-coxals; the metapleural spine prominent and slightly larger than mesopleural. Mesosternum smooth except for a row of six rather short and conical but distinct mesosternals. Metasternum only with two small and conical metasternals; the pseudo-foramina small, covering about half of the lateral marginof metasternum between anterior angleandcoxa,fairly deep, cingulate and almost round in shape ( Fig. 70L).

Abdomen. – Median segment almost 2x wider than long and trapezoidal in outline; armed with a moderately sized spinose pair of medials and fairly small first and second paired posteriors along posterior margin. Segments IIV roughly uniform in length but slightly widening with IV 2.4x wider than long, V-VII gradually decreasing in width but V-VI somewhat longer than preceding and terga V-VI with an angular posterolateral deflexion. Terga II-VIII all with a distinct medio-longitudinal carina, which more obtuse on IX. Terga II-VII armed with a strong pair latero-anterior spines, a somewhat smaller pair of medials and a full posterior series of five spines, of which the median is very small and the lateral pair the largest; all these spines elongated and acutely pointed but comparatively less developed on VII ( Fig. 16D). Tergum VIII only with a moderately sized pair of latero-anterior spines and the medio-longitudinal keel posteriorly terminating in a short, spiniform projection; posterolateral angles protruded into a narrowly triangular process. Sterna smooth except for a shallow lateral bulge that is protruded into a tubercle anteriorly and posteriorly; praeopercular organ on sternum VII formed by a narrow oval median notch of posterior margin that has the outer margin somewhat inflated ( Fig. 16F). Tergum IX with lateral margins deflexed and angular posteriorly( Fig. 16 E-F) and with a prominent spiniform posteromedian protrusion ( Fig. 16D). Anal segment longer than wide, weakly tectate longitudinally with the lateral margins angular in basal half and with the posterior margin obtusely bi-dentate with a distinct V-shaped median emargination; a pair of obtuse tubercles close to anterior margin. Epiproct about 1.3x longer than anal segment, weakly tectate and slightly gradually narrowing towardsa narrow, obtusely angular tip ( Fig. 16E).Subgenital plate elongate, lanceolate, distinctly keeled in the apical half with apex narrowly rounded, slightly surpassing epiproct and notably down-curved ( Fig. 16D).

– A. Habitus, dorsal view. – B. Habitus, dorsolateral view. – C. Habitus, ventral view. – D. Terminalia in lateral view.

– E. Terminalia in dorsal view. – F. Terminalia in ventral view. – G. Dorsolateral view of head, pro- and mesothorax.

Legs. – Relatively slender, basal flexure of profemora distinct. Profemora with three moderately distinct spiniform teeth in apical half of two ventral carinae; dorsal carinae with a 6-7 rather small dentations. Meso- and metafemora basically with 6-7 teeth on all four carinae, these more spiniform and developed on ventral carinae of metafemora. Medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora shallow and only marked by minute granules. Meso- and metatibiae smooth dorsally and with some rather small dentations ventrally. Basitarsus almost as long as three proceeding tarsomeres taken together.

Measurements [mm]. – Body 121.5, pronotum 7.3, mesonotum 18.8, metanotum 10.0, median segment 4.8, profemora 22.3, mesofemora 149.7, metafemora 27.3, protibiae 22.5, mesotibiae 20.5, metatibiae 31.3, antennae> 60.0.

♂ ( Fig. 17)

Form and colouration. – Size large(bodylength71.0-73.0 mm),form rather typical with the head and body armature well developed; body surface otherwise moderately granular and verrucose. Colouration fairly plaindrab or witha yellowish green to olive wash and with a broad dark green medio-longitudinal stripe running alongentire dorsalbody surface including the vertex. Largest spines of the head and thorax green and tipped with dullorange. Ventral surface of thorax buff and that of abdomen rather drab.Legsdrabwiththe meso- andmetafemora gradually becoming lighter and ochraceous in colour towards the base; teeth brown. Antennae greyish midbrownandgraduallybecomingdarkorangetowardstheapex.

Head. – Shape and armature essentially as in ♀ but vertex somewhat more rounded and all the spines somewhat stronger; only one posterior gular tubercle present ( Fig. 17G). Eyes much larger and projecting more than hemispherical. Antennae like in ♀, with 26 joints and reaching to abdominal segment VIII; the median joints extremely elongated.

Thorax. – Prothorax generally as in ♀ but with a prominent semi-circular pre-median lateral excavation; armature alike but spines comparatively stronger and more conical ( Fig. 17G). Mesothorax fairly elongate for the genus being 2.8x longer than the prothorax; anterior two-thirds slender and roughly uniform in diameter, posterior portion strongly widened and tumescent. Mesonotum unarmed except for a ± enlarged but very low and

– A. Habitus, dorsal view. – B. Habitus, dorsolateral view. – C. Habitus, ventral view. – D. Terminalia in lateral view.

– E. Terminalia in dorsal view. F. Terminalia in ventral view. – G. Dorsolateral view of head, pro- and mesothorax.

nodose pair of anterior and median tubercles, occasionally with a smaller and greatly spaced pair of pre-median nodes; posterior mesonotals prominent, strong, conical and spinose with three spiniform tubercles around the base ( Fig. 17G). Metanotum trapezoidal in outline, the posterior metanotals generally like those of the mesonotum but even somewhat larger and slenderer. Pleurae with armature essentially like in ♀ but much less pronounced; the mesopleurae only with the antero-lateral represented by an obtusely conical tubercle; the metapleural noticeably larger than the mesopleural. Meso- and metasternum minutely granular and the metasternum with a low and rather indistinct medio-longitudinal carina; mesosternum only with six indistinct, low and obtuse paired mesosternals and metasternum merely with two tuberculiform metasternals. Metasternal pseudo-foramina represented by deep cingulate holes that are basically oval in shape with the posterior margin angular and notably larger than in ♀ ( Fig. 70M).

Abdomen. – Median segment distinctlytrapezoidal in outline with anterior margin strongly narrowed and rounded; unarmed except for a low and small pair of node-like medials. Segment II-IV roughly uniform in length, II trapezoidal and narrowing to posterior, III-VI rather uniform in width, V-VII slightly decreasing inlengthand as wide asIII; allnotablylonger than widebut VII shorter than all preceding segments, scarcely longer than wide and slightly widening towards posterior. Terga II-VII unarmed except for a blunt and short, tuberculiform pair of latero-anteriors and a granular pair of medials;the posterior series merely indicated by shallow swellings. Sterna II-VI smooth but with an indistinct medio-longitudinal carina, which is notably more pronounced on VII. Terga VIII and IX transverse and weakly tectate medio-longitudinally with lateral margins of IX deflexed; VIII trapezoidal in outline X. Anal segment considerably shorter than IX, deflexed in basal half, narrowed posteriorly and the posterior margin bi-lobed with a deep and broadly triangular median emargination;a transverse furrow confining the posterolateral angles ( Fig. 17E), which ventrally bear a few small denticles. Epiproct fairly large, shield-shaped and scarcely projecting into median excavation of posterior margin of anal segment. Vomer with base broad, shape asymmetrically heart-shaped with a fairly long and strong terminal hook that is distinctly arched towards the right ( Fig. 17F). Cerci strongly compressed laterally, small. Poculum large, bulgy, roundlycup-shaped ( Fig. 17D) and with a high medio-longitudinal keel in the vertical posterior portion;posterior margin rounded, somewhat labiate and with a minute median indention ( Fig.17F).

Legs. – Basically, with armature like in ♀, but all ventral teeth more acute and rather spiniform and the dorsal teeth wanting; hind legs projecting strongly over apex of abdomen. The two apical spines on the two outer ventral carinae of the metafemora strong. Basitarsus slightly longer and slenderer, the pro- and metabasitarsus notably longer than following three joints taken together.

Measurements [mm]. – Body 71.0-73.0, pronotum 4.7-4.8, mesonotum 15.1-15.3, metanotum 6.3-6.4, median segment 3.8-3.9, profemora 17.2-18.1, mesofemora 15.3-15.5, metafemora20.4-21.0,protibiae17.3-18.0, mesotibiae 15.0-15.4, metatibiae 22.6-22.8, antennae 62.0.

Remarks. – Eggs unknown.

Distribution. – Mindanao, endemic.