Trachyaretaon tumandok, Hennemann, 2023

Trachyaretaon tumandok View in CoL n. sp.

( Fig. 69, 71 F-G, 72M & 74P-Q)

ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/ 3EC48792-F9CE-476B-8129-B9A4FE445579

HT, ♀: Philippinen, Panay Island , Mount Nangtud, 1500 m, leg. N. Mohagan VII.1997 [ RBINS, ex coll. FH] .

PT, ♂: Philippinen, Panay Island , Mount Nangtud, 1500 m, leg. N. Mohagan VII.1997 [ RBINS, ex coll. FH] .

PT, 2 eggs: Philippinen, Panay Island , Mount Nangtud, 1500 m, leg. N. Mohagan VII.1997 [ RBINS, ex coll. FH] .

PT, 5 ♀, 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (juvenile): Philippinen, Panay Island , Mount Nangtud, 1500 m, leg. N. Mohagan VII.1997 [ FH, No’s 0717-1 to 11] .

Differentiation. – This new species is morphologically nearest and apparently most closely related to T.negrosanon n. sp. from the island of Negros (see above), with which ♀ share the basically greener overall colouration if compared to other congenerics, and with which ♂ have the characteristic black abdominal sterna II-VII in common ( Fig. 69F). Trachyaretaon tumandok however is much larger than negrosanon , has the cephalic and thoracic armature comparatively less developed and the head is less prominently inflated and has the vertex rather rounded and not projecting over the anterior margin of the pronotum ( Fig. 69G). Females are slightly stockier in overall shape than those of negrosanon and are also separable by the medially notched posterior margin of the anal segment ( Fig. 69M) and longer epiproct, which ± reaches to the tip of the subgenital plate ( Fig. 69 K-M). Males have the pair of black markings on the abdominal terga II-V less pronounced than in negrosanon , the mesothorax is relatively longer and 2.6x longer than the prothorax (only 2.25x in negrosanon ), the antennae are comparatively shorter and reach no further back than abdominal segment VI (to VII in – A. ♀ paratype, dorsal view [ FH 0717-4 ]. – B. ♀ paratype, dorsolateral view [ FH 0717-4 ]. – C. ♂ paratype, dorsal view [ FH 0717-1 ]. – D. ♂ paratype, dorsal view [ FH 0717-9 ]. – E. ♂ paratype, dorsolateral view [ FH 0717-9 ]. – F. ♂ paratype, ventral view [ FH 0717-9 ]. – G. Head, pro- and mesothorax of ♀ paratype in lateral view [ FH 0717-3 ]. – H. Terminalia of ♂ paratype in lateral view [ FH 0717-8 ]. – J. Terminalia of ♂ paratype in dorsal view [ FH 0717-6 ]. – K. Terminalia of ♀ paratype in lateral view [ FH 0717-1 ]. – L. Terminalia of ♀ paratype in ventral view [ FH 0717-1 ]. – M. Terminalia of ♀ paratype in dorsal view [ FH 0717-4 ].

negrosanon ) and the anal segment ( Fig. 69J) is less narrowed towards the posterior, basically broader and has two posterolateral impressions, which are not seen in negrosanon . The eggs of this new species ( Fig. 74 P-Q) resemble those of T. mangyan n. sp. and T. negrosanon n. sp. by having a large micropylar plate with strongly elongated and up-curved lateral extensions. They are most similar to those mangyan but differ by the dark brown colour, smaller and narrower lateral extensions of the micropylar plate and less numerous and less developed setae in the anterior portion of the capsule and on the operculum.

Etymology. – Named after the Tumandok, also known as Panay- Bukidnon or Suludnon, a culturally indigenous Visayan group of people who live in the mountains of Panay Island, the type-locality of this new species. They are known for their Binanog dance, which mimics the flight of the Philippine eagle, accompanied by an agung ensemble, and practice the use of bamboo musical instruments to express themselves in traditional songs, dances and epics. Since the local governments of Panay have realized their cultural importance, they have begun to establish projects to help preserve their culture.

Description

The colouration of this large and stocky species is described from dried specimens only.

♀ ( Fig. 69 A-C)

Form and colouration. – Large(body length 91.0-107.0mm) andstocky for the genus with moderately developed body armature and rather low, but conical and multi-tuberculated posterior meso- and metanotals; body surface sparsely and unevenly tuberculate and with a fine medio-longitudinal carina. General colour variable, mostly various tones of dark green and olive, irregularly flecked with brown, cream and some orange; lateral surfaces of abdominal terga II-VIImostly cream with characteristic blackish mottling that roughly forms a triangle. Two specimens are notably darkened due to preservation but have a light cream-coloured medio-longitudinal streak along the basal four abdominal terga ( Fig. 69C). Two faint roughly triangular brown markings present on frons.Eyes dark reddish brown, antennae dark brown.

Head. – Slightlylonger thanwidewith vertex just moderately inflated and rounded, not projecting over anterior margin of pronotum; sparsely set with node-like granules ( Fig. 69G). Supra-antennals distinct and acutely pointed; supra-orbitals smaller and rather conical; genae with a few small rather node-like gulars. The four coronals roughly equal in size, strong and conical; two strong supra-orbitals present that are slightly larger than the coronals; anterior portion of vertex with 2-3 pairs of variably sized occipital medials, the most posterior pair of which ismost pronounced. Eyes strongly projecting and their diameter contained scarcely less than 2x in length of genae. Antennae with about 28 joints and reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment II.

Thorax. – Pronotum about as long but slightly wider than head with a distinct median narrowing and the posterior portion notably widened; the transverse median sulcus shallow, gently arched and expanding almost over entire width of segment; surface sparsely and unevenly tuberculated. The prominent and conical pair of posterior pronotals represent the largest of the pronotal spines;anterior portion with a low and obtuse pair of posterior mesal pronotals, the antero-lateral pronotals small and blunt, the inter-posterior pronotals only represented by small tubercles ( Fig. 69G). Mesothorax strongly gradually ascendant and widened towards the posterior, shape strongly trapezoidal with posterior margin about 2.2x wider than anterior margin; 2.3x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum also trapezoidal and only with two pairs of small conical post-median mesonotal tubercles (occasionally also a small pair of pre-median tubercles present); posterior mesonotals rather low, conical and multi-tuberculated with a strong and conical median projection ( Fig. 69G). Mesopleurae increasingly deflexed towards posterior and with a moderate, strong and conical mesopleural;the antero-lateral, medio-lateral and one of the supra-coxals somewhat enlarged and bluntly spiniform; surface otherwise tuberculated. Metanotum subquadrate with posterior portion somewhat widened, the posterior metanotals like those of the mesonotum andinfront with a fairly distinct pair of anterior metanotal tubercles.Metapleuralsmall, the lateral margin unevenly tuberculated and with a strong median supra-coxal; a much smaller supra-coxal present in front and near posterior margin and two slightly enlarged, conical laterals present. Meso- and metasternum with a medio-longitudinal row of irregularly dispersed glossy, node-like granules; mesosternum with six paired rather low but distinct mesosternals and metasternum only with about six small node-like tubercles as well as a somewhat more pronounced median pair posteriorly; general surface otherwise fairly smooth ( Fig.71F).

Abdomen. – Median segment trapezoidal with posteriors only represented by small nodes, surface otherwise only with one or two pairs of node-like medials. Segments II-IV roughly uniform in width V-X narrowing; II-VI scarcelysubequal in length and onaverage about 2.1x wider than long. Lateral margins of terga IV-VII somewhat deflexed and angular posteriorly; surface only with a very indistinct pair of latero-anterior and latero-posterior tubercles. Sterna smooth; praeopercular organ formed by a moderately broad median excavation of posterior margin of sternum VII, which otherwise is slightly raised and rounded on each side of the median excavation. Terga VIII and IX each with low and obtuse posteromedian swelling ( Fig. 69K); lateral margins of IX notably deflexed, broadly and obtusely triangular and lobe-like. Anal segment essentially triangular in dorsal aspect, the lateral margins roundly deflexed anteriorly; the anterior two-thirds strongly descendant, the posterior one-third rather horizontal with a distinct and obtuse medio-longitudinal bulge and an impression on each side; the posterior margin notably inflated and weakly notchedmedially( Fig.69M).Epiproctstraightinlateralaspect( Fig.69K), about 1.4x longer than anal segment, weakly tectate longitudinally and slightly narrowing towards an obtusely rounded to weakly notched apex ( Fig. 69M). Subgenital plate long, lanceolate and distinctly keeled in the apical half;the apex fairly pointed and roughly reaching to tip of epiproct ( Fig.69 K-M).

Legs. – Moderately long and slender for the genus, the meso- and metafemora somewhat incrassated subapically. Basal flexure and constriction of profemora weakly developed; the anteroventral carina with two fairly distinct triangular teeth in apical one-third; posteroventral carina only with three slightly indicated teeth; dorsal carinae each with five low teeth that slightly increase in size towards the apex. All four carinae of meso- and metafemora with five teeth that become slightly larger towards the apex of femur; those on the ventral carinae more spiniform; medioventral carina wanting and ventral surface generally smooth. Protibiae wholly unarmed, meso- and metatibiae only with a few small ventral dentations in apical half. Basitarsus about as long as proceeding three joint combined.

♂ ( Fig. 69 D-F)

Form and colouration. – Sizeandgeneralform averageforthegenus(body length 61.0-64.0 mm), body armature rather weakly developed with the posterior meso- and metanotals conical and multi-tuberculose to subspinose;body surface sparsely granulose to tuberculated; dorsal surface with a fine medio-longitudinal carina.Colouressentiallysimilarto ♀ both dorsalbodysurface with a moreorless defined cream-coloured to fawn medio-longitudinal streak and lateral surfaces of abdominal terga II-VI mostly blackish with a semi-circular ochre marginal marking which is most distinct on II; terga VII-X uniformly ochraceous olive. Abdominal sterna II-VI uniformly black,VII dark brown ( Fig.69F).

Head. – Shape and armature essentially as in ♀ but all the spines notably larger and stronger. Eyes relatively much larger, projecting hemispherically and their diameter contained about 2x in length of genae. Antennae like in ♀ but reaching to abdominal segment IV.

Thorax. – Prothorax generally as in ♀ but armature comparatively more pronounced. Mesothorax moderately elongate for the genusbeing 2.6x longer than the prothorax; anterior two-thirds slender and roughly parallel-sided, posterior portion strongly widened and inflated. Mesonotum unarmed except for fairly distinct, strong, conical and acutely pointed posterior mesonotals, these compound with several smaller spiniform tubercles around the base. Metanotum with a small pair of anterior tubercles, the posterior metanotals generally like those of the mesonotum but slightly larger. Pleurae with armature like in ♀. Meso- and metasternum granulose with a fine medio-longitudinal carina that is set with some glossy granules; mesosternum with six fairly distinct but low and conical paired mesosternals; metasternum only with two tuberculiform metasternals.

Abdomen. – Median segment trapezoidal in outline with lateral margins gently rounded. Segment II trapezoidal, III-V uniform in width, VI slightly shorter and narrower than preceding and VII notably shorter than VI and slightly widening towards posterior; II-IV slightly increasing, V-VII notably decreasing in length; IV about 1.3x longer than wide, VII transverse. Terga II-VII unarmed except for somewhat enlarged latero-anterior nodes;VI-IX each with an obtuse posteromedian swelling.Sterna II-VI smooth except for ananterior pair of small nodes on II-IV;VII acutely tectate longitudinally. Lateralmargins of VIII and IX notably deflexed, straight.Anal segment notably narrowing towards the posterior, the lateral margins with a small and obtuse dentiform process anteriorly; the posterior margin somewhat inflated, broadly triangularly excavated medially and bi-lobate;dorsally with ashallow oval impression near eachouter posterior angle ( Fig. 69J). Epiproct small, broadly triangular and scarcely projecting into median excavation of posterior margin of anal segment ( Fig. 69J). Vomer rather small, basically triangular in shape with a short terminal hook that is slightly arched towardsthe right ( Fig.72M). Cercistrongly compressed laterally,small. Poculum large,bulgy,obtuselycup-shaped( Fig.69H) andwithanacutemedio-longitudinal keel in the vertical posterior portion; posterior margin rounded with a shallow median indention and weakly labiate ( Fig.72M).

Legs. – Basically, with armature like in ♀, but relatively longer and somewhat slenderer; hind legs projecting considerably over apex of abdomen. Basitarsus slightly longer and slenderer, the pro- and metabasitarsus notably longer than following three joints taken together.

Egg ( Fig. 74 P-Q)

The only two eggs available are dirty and were mostly covered with undefined tissue. Cleaning was attempted but the contaminations are strongly adhesive and could not be fully removed without risking damage. Thus, only parts of the contaminations could be removed.

Fairly large for the genus; capsule barrel-shaped and 1.9x longer than wide or high. Surface generally smooth but minutely and fairly evenly pitted; the anterior one-quarter and operculum covered with dome very short setae. Micropylar plate large and about 0.65x as long as capsule; median portion rather broad and the two posterolateral extensions large, similar in width to the median portion, strongly up-curved and on lateral surfaces of capsule reaching to anterior one-third of median portion of plate; surface pitted like capsule and outer margin flat. A deep and fairly narrow indention posteromedially; in its upper end a small bowl-shaped micropylar cup. Median line a weakly indicated carina that almost reaches to polar area. Operculum almost round and roundly convex. General colour plain dark ochraceous brown, the setose anterior portion of capsule and operculum darker brown. Measurements [mm]: Length 4.6, width 2.5, height 2.6, length of micropylar plate 3.0.

Variability. – The type-series merely shows minor variability in the colouration and development of the body sculpturing and armature, most of which is mentioned in the description above.

Distribution. – Panay, endemic.