Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838

Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838 View in CoL

Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838: 851; Edwards 1938: 51, 58; Ishida 1958: 37; Savchenko and Krivolutskaya 1976: 34; Savchenko 1983: 33; Savchenko 1986: 165; Savchenko 1989: 14, 15. View in CoL

Type species.

Dicranota guerini Zetterstedt, 1838 (by monotypy) (Western and Eastern Palaearctic).

Description.

Small to medium-sized Pediciidae crane flies with body length 4.3–9.0 mm and wing length 5.0– 11.5 mm. Body colouration varies from pale yellow to dark brown, dark grey, or even black.

Head. Rounded posteriorly, vertex with low but wide tubercle. Eyes with short erect setae between ommatidia. Antenna usually short, reaching approximately to frontal margin of prescutum, if bent backwards, sometimes longer in males and reaching posterior margin of first abdominal segment if bent backwards. Number of flagellomeres varies from 10 to 15, most usual number being 11–13. Flagellomeres slightly elongate or oval, covered with short pubescence, verticils variable, but usually not exceeding length of respective segments. Apical antennomere usually large, as long or longer than preceding segment.

Thorax. Pronotum rather big, covered with erect setae medially. Mesonotal prescutum without tubercular pits, pseudosutural fovea indistinct. Katepisternum often bare, bearing few setae in some species. Meron small. Middle and posterior coxae close to each other. Wing usually long and narrow, often ~ 4 × as long as wide, similar in both sexes, sometimes dimorphic: posterior margin of male wing extended, widest at tip of anal vein, or wing reduced, with some brachypterous females, sometimes brachypterous individuals occurring among both sexes. Some species, especially living in cold climate or at higher altitudes are all brachypterous. Wings of most species without any pattern, even stigma often is missing. Wings of only few species with smaller or larger dark spots, mostly surrounding cross-veins, base of Rs and cord. Venation: arculus present, vein Sc very long, reaching wing margin far beyond branching point of Rs, sc-r long distance before base of Rs, sometimes close to the middle between base of Rs and humeral vein, R 1 short, usually not exceeding R 2 in length. Radial sector short, ≤ 3 × as long as m-cu, often shorter than that. Cell r 3 long with short stem or stem is missing completely. Cell m 1 usually short, much shorter than its stem. Discal cell missing due to reduction of vein m-m, rarely present, but even when present, m-m is weak. Cross-vein m-cu beyond branching point of M. Tip of anal vein far not reaches level of Rs base. Anal angle usually wide. Tibial spurs present on all legs. Claw usually simple, without spines.

Abdomen. Male terminalia not enlarged, approximately as wide as rest abdominal segments. Epandrium often with medial and lateral lobes, lateral lobes could be elongate and complicated. Gonocoxite simple or with larger or smaller dorsal lobe at apex. Usually this lobe covered with small dark spines. One or two pairs of gonostyli, outer gonostylus usually bearing lots of small spines, interbase large, often complicate. Aedeagus short and simple, paramere elongate. Ovipositor with long cercus and hypogynial valve, tip of cercus raised upwards, dorsal margin of hypogynial valve usually covered with long and strong setae. Most females with two spermathecae, some with three.

Remarks.

The genus Dicranota is one of the largest not only among Pediciidae , but among all crane flies. It includes 256 species worldwide ( Oosterbroek 2025), two of them with two subspecies each, and the subspecies of a third species raised to species level in this publication. The Palaearctic Region is the most species rich with 104 recognised species, 72 of them occurring in the Eastern and 39 in the Western Palaearctic. This publication adds three more species to the East Palaearctic fauna, now 75, the same number as the Oriental Region. The Nearctic is also rich in Dicranota , 69 recognised species; only three species occur in Neotropics. The genus is unknown from Afrotropics and Australian Region. Most species have rather limited distributions, only few have very wide distribution ranges, seven species are known from both Eastern and Western Palaearctic, and four species overlap between the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions. The genus Dicranota has 11 recognised subgenera, four of them occurring in Korea. Dicranota is poorly represented in fossils with only one species described from the Nearctic Oligocene ( Evenhuis 1994) with no subgenus.

List of Korean Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838

Dicranota ( Dicranota) coreana Alexander, 1940 , stat. nov.

Dicranota ( Dicranota) crassicauda Tjeder, 1972

Dicranota ( Dicranota) guerini Zetterstedt, 1838

Dicranota ( Dicranota) yezoensis Alexander, 1924

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) distincta Podenas , sp. nov.

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) perdistincta Alexander, 1940

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) sibirica sibirica ( Alexander, 1925)

Dicranota ( Ludicia) emarginata ( Alexander, 1945)

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) gibbera ( Alexander, 1921)

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) luteola Alexander, 1938

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) minuscula Alexander, 1938

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) neoconsors Alexander, 1938

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) ompoana Alexander, 1945

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) polymera Alexander, 1933

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) seoi Podenas , sp. nov.

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) squarrosa Savchenko, 1976

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) yeongokia Podenas , sp. nov.

Key to Korean Dicranota