Nephrotoma lunulicornis ( Schummel, 1833 )

Nephrotoma lunulicornis ( Schummel, 1833) View in CoL

Figs 58–60 View Figures 58–60 , 61–65 View Figures 61–65 , 66–68 View Figures 66–68

Tipula lunulicornis Schummel, 1833: 107. View in CoL

Tipula picta Meigen, 1838: 35 View in CoL (synonymy).

Material examined.

China – Qinghai Prov. • 5 ♂♂; Menyuan, Sanchakou ; 2709 m a. s. l.; 37.2780°N, 102.1880°E; 21 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309210 to TN 2309214 GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

Body yellow. Occipital marking spine shaped. Vertex with a dark-brown round spot. Vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m with dark-brown cloud-shaped shadow. Abdominal tergites with one interrupted longitudinal median stripe. Tergite 9 posteriorly with two projections; outer projection finger-shaped and covered with short, tiny black spines. Sternite 8 posteriorly with setae and a deep V-notch. Sternite 9 with a horned appendage directed ventrally in lateral view. Clasper of gonostylus with dorsal crest with margin forming flattened projection.

Redescription.

Male. Body length 12.5–14.6 mm, wing length 13.6–15.2 mm, antenna length 4.7–5.4 mm ( N = 5). Present description based on specimens preserved in alcohol.

Head (Figs 58 View Figures 58–60 , 59 View Figures 58–60 ). Mostly yellow. Occipital marking spine-shaped, with a small, round, brown spot anteriorly and an oval, brown patch posteriorly. Nasus dark yellow. Rostrum dark yellow. Head with black setae. Antenna 13 - segmented, reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward; scape yellow except pale brown apex, pedicel and flagellum light brown. Verticils about the same length as the corresponding segments. Base of flagellar segments broader with the distal end also widened ventrally. Terminal segment of flagellum round. Palpi brownish, terminal segment pale, darkened at base.

Thorax (Figs 58 View Figures 58–60 , 59 View Figures 58–60 ). Mostly yellow. Pronotum yellow, brown posterior margin. Prescutum and presutural scutum with three longitudinal dark-brown stripes; lateral stripe apically straight. Postsutural scutum yellow in the middle, each lobe with two large black spots. Scutellum yellow, with brown line. Mediotergite with brown median stripe. Pleura light yellow. Legs yellow. Coxae yellow, variegated with brown spots at the base. Apices of tibiae and femora pale brown, tarsal segments dark brown. Wing pale brown with a distinct dark-brown pterostigma and macrotrichiae; dark-brown cloud-shaped shadow at vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m; cell m 1 mostly sessile (Fig. 60 View Figures 58–60 ). Halter with stem brown; knob pale yellow with a dark-brown margin (Fig. 58 View Figures 58–60 ).

Abdomen (Fig. 58 View Figures 58–60 ). Mainly yellow. Abdominal tergites with three dark-brown longitudinal stripes; the median stripe broader than the lateral stripes. Abdominal sternites with interrupted longitudinal stripe. Abdominal segments 8 and 9 black.

Hypopygium (Figs 61–65 View Figures 61–65 ). Tergite 9 posteriorly strongly sclerotized with four projections: median projections broad, covered with short, tiny black spines, separated by narrow incision; lateral projections in the shape of finger-shaped, outwardly curved horns (Fig. 63 View Figures 61–65 ). Sternite 8 posteriorly with setae on each side and a deep V-notch at the middle (Fig. 62 View Figures 61–65 ). Sternite 9 with a horned appendage directed ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 62 View Figures 61–65 ). Gonocoxite separated from sternite 9, having shape of nearly narrow rectangular (Fig. 61 View Figures 61–65 ). Clasper of gonostylus with a large concavity at the base; beak long and acute; dorsal crest with margin forming flattened projection, posterior margin densely covered with golden bristles; lower beak with horned protuberance; the margin extending from the beak to the lower beak, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 64 View Figures 61–65 ). Lobe of gonostylus broadened at basal half, apical half narrowed (Figs 61 View Figures 61–65 , 65 View Figures 61–65 ). Semen pump dark yellow (Figs 66–68 View Figures 66–68 ). Posterior immovable apodeme directed backward, tip inward. Compressor apodeme flattened, fan-shaped, forming a 40 ° angle with the posterior immovable apodeme, with deep median incision. Anterior immovable apodeme fan-shaped, broader than the compressor apodeme.

Female. Unknown.

Elevation range in China.

Adults were collected at altitudes of 2700 m.

Period of activity.

Adults were collected only in late July.

Distribution.

Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China ( Qinghai: Menyuan; Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy (north), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden (south), Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia, Kazakhstan (east); Mongolia.

Remarks.

This is the first report of this species from China. Nephrotoma lunulicornis is similar to N. laticrista Alexander, 1925 based on the shape of tergite 9, sternite 8, and the lobe of the gonostylus. However, it can be distinguished by the following features: in N. lunulicornis , sternite 9 has a sharp, horned appendage directed ventrally in lateral view; the clasper of gonostylus has a smooth, prominent dorsal crest and densely covered with golden bristles. In N. laticrista , sternite 9 has a blunt, rounded horned appendage directed ventrally in lateral view; the clasper of gonostylus has a dorsal crest with a prominent projection that includes an indentation or depression ( Tangelder 1984).