Notonectidae, Latreille, 1802

Key to genera and species of Notonectidae View in CoL from Pará

(adapted from Barbosa et al. 2013a, 2013b; Moreira et al. 2018)

1a. Hemelytral commissure without setae-lined pit ( Fig. 14A View FIGURES 14–20 ); male protibia without stridulatory comb; abdominal tergum 7 caudosinistral margin without spine....................................................................... 2

1b. Hemelytral commissure anteriorly with setae-lined pit ( Fig. 26A View FIGURES 26–30 ); male protibia with stridulatory comb ( Figs. 26G, 27A View FIGURES 26–30 ); abdominal tergum 7 caudosinistral margin with spine ( Fig. 26B View FIGURES 26–30 ) ( Buenoa Kirkaldy, 1904 View in CoL )........................... 3

2a (1a). Eyes contiguous posteromesally ( Fig. 15A View FIGURES 14–20 ); clavus distal end with spine-like process (hemelytral process) ( Figs. 16A–B, 17A–B, 18B–C, 19B–C, 20B View FIGURES 14–20 , 21A–C, 22A, 23C–D, 24A–B View FIGURES 21–25 ); mesofemur without preapical spur ( Martarega White, 1879 View in CoL ).................................................................................................... 17

2b. Eyes separated ( Fig. 14A View FIGURES 14–20 ); clavus distal end without spine-like process ( Fig. 14A View FIGURES 14–20 ); mesofemur with preapical spur ( Notonecta Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL )..................................................................................... 25

3a (1b). Profemur without stridulatory area on mesal surface ( Fig. 27A View FIGURES 26–30 )................................................ 4

3b. Profemur with stridulatory area on mesal surface ( Fig. 26G View FIGURES 26–30 ).................................................. 14

4a (3a). Mesal margin of protibia with apex projected ( Fig. 26E View FIGURES 26–30 )...................................................... 5

4b. Mesal margin of protibia with apex not projected ( Fig. 26H View FIGURES 26–30 )................................................... 7

5a (4a). Apex of mesal margin of protibia bluntly projected ( Figs. 27A, 28A View FIGURES 26–30 ); lateral margin of mesotibia with lateral expansion ( Fig. 27C View FIGURES 26–30 ); metafemur sinuous ( Fig. 27D View FIGURES 26–30 )...................................................................... 6

5b. Apex of mesal margin of protibia acute ( Figs. 35A View FIGURES 31–41 ); lateral margin of mesotibia without expansion; metafemur not sinuous.............................................................................. Buenoa truxali Nieser, 1968 View in CoL

6a (5a). Tylus flat, pubescent ( Fig. 27E View FIGURES 26–30 ); apex of right paramere straight ( Fig. 27F View FIGURES 26–30 ).................................................................................................... Buenoa deplanatylus Barbosa & Nessimian, 2013 View in CoL

6b. Tylus rounded, glabrous ( Fig. 28B View FIGURES 26–30 ); apex of right paramere rounded ( Fig. 28C View FIGURES 26–30 ).............. Buenoa tibialis Truxal, 1957 View in CoL

7a (4b). Tylus inflated or, if not inflated, rounded and without lateral carinae ( Figs. 33A, 34A, 38A,39A, 40A, 41A View FIGURES 31–41 ); protarsus tubular, thin, with claws not modified........................................................................... 8

7b. Tylus flat, with two lateral carinae ( Fig. 36A View FIGURES 31–41 ); protarsus, notably basal segment, swollen, claws hooked ( Fig. 36B View FIGURES 31–41 )..................................................................................... Buenoa unguis Truxal, 1953 View in CoL

8a (7a). Synthlipsis narrow, one-fourth or less of anterior width of vertex; protrochanter without process on posterior margin; mesal margin of mesotibia not enlarged........................................................................ 9

8b. Synthlipsis wide, about one-half of anterior width of vertex; protrochanter with process on posterior margin ( Fig. 37A View FIGURES 31–41 ); mesal margin of mesotibia enlarged ( Fig. 37B View FIGURES 31–41 )......................................... Buenoa fuscipennis ( Berg, 1879) View in CoL

9a (8a). Synthlipsis flat, without median keel; pronotum not impressed................................................ 10

9b. Synthlipsis with faint median keel; pronotum tricarinate.............................. Buenoa incompta Truxal, 1953 View in CoL

10a (9a). Synthlipsis very narrow, about one tenth of vertex width ( Fig. 33A, 34A, 40A, 41A View FIGURES 31–41 ); without dark mark at costal margin of hemelytra; apex of profemur narrow ( Fig. 33B, 34b, 40B, 41B View FIGURES 31–41 )................................................ 11

10b. Synthlipsis wider, about one-fourth of vertex width ( Fig. 39A View FIGURES 31–41 ); dark mark accompanying the costal margin of hemelytra and delimiting start of membrane; apex of profemur broad ( Fig. 39B View FIGURES 31–41 ).................... Buenoa konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994 View in CoL

11a (10a). Body distinctly longer than 5.0 mm; frons narrow ( Fig. 26C View FIGURES 26–30 ); apex of labial prong rounded ( Figs. 33A, 34A, 41A View FIGURES 31–41 )..... 12

11b. Body at most 4.0 mm long; frons wide ( Fig. 26D View FIGURES 26–30 ); apex of labial prong sinuous ( Fig. 40A View FIGURES 31–41 ).. Buenoa salutis Kirkaldy, 1904 View in CoL

12a (11a). Mesal surface of profemur not notched ( Fig. 33B, 34B View FIGURES 31–41 )................................................... 13

12b. Mesal surface of profemur notched apically ( Fig. 41B View FIGURES 31–41 )........................... Buenoa amnigenopsis Nieser, 1975 View in CoL

13a (12a). Labrum with tufts of setae on sides ( Fig. 33A View FIGURES 31–41 ); protrochanter without projection on mesal surface; apex of profemur narrow ( Fig. 33B View FIGURES 31–41 ); stridulatory comb of protibia with 24–30 teeth of similar size............... Buenoa amnigenus ( White, 1879) View in CoL

13b. Labrum with tufts of setae on ventral surface ( Fig. 34A View FIGURES 31–41 ); protrochanter with triangular projection on mesal surface ( Fig. 34B View FIGURES 31–41 ); apex of profemur robust; stridulatory comb of protibia with 20–22 teeth narrow at the base and widening toward apex............................................................................. Buenoa amnigenoidea Nieser, 1970 View in CoL

14a (3b). Labial prong originating distally on third labial article; tarsomere I of midleg with mesal margin continuous.......... 15

14b. Labial prong originating proximally on third labial article ( Fig. 31A View FIGURES 31–41 ); tarsomere I of midleg with mesal margin distinctly emarginate ( Fig. 31C View FIGURES 31–41 ).......................................................... Buenoa tarsalis Truxal, 1953 View in CoL

15a (14a). Pronotum tricarinate; stridulatory area of profemur with 11–23 ridges........................................ 16

15b. Pronotum not tricarinate; stridulatory area of profemur with less than 11 ridges ( Fig. 32B View FIGURES 31–41 ).................................................................................................... Buenoa macrotrichia Truxal, 1953 View in CoL

16a (15a). Labial prong protruding anteriorly at base ( Figs. 29A View FIGURES 26–30 ); pronotum length about 2.5 times head length; posterior margin of pronotum not or slightly excavated; profemur with 11–14 stridulatory ridges ( Fig. 29B View FIGURES 26–30 )...................................................................................................... Buenoa platycnemis ( Fieber, 1851) View in CoL

16b. Labial prong not protruding at base ( Fig. 30A View FIGURES 26–30 ); pronotum length about 3 times head length; posterior margin of pronotum distinctly excavated; profemur with about 17 stridulatory ridges ( Fig. 30B View FIGURES 26–30 )............ Buenoa pallipes ( Fabricius, 1803) View in CoL

17a (2a). Males shorter than 4.3 mm; females shorter than 4.8 mm; hemelytron of both sexes with median stripe bifurcated near apex ( Figs. 16A–B, 17A–B View FIGURES 14–20 ); ventral carina with setae on anteroventral and lateral surfaces ( Fig.18D View FIGURES 14–20 )..................... 18

17b. Males longer than 4.7 mm; females longer than 5.6 mm; hemelytron of both sexes with median stripe not bifurcated near apex or with stripe not located medially ( Figs. 18B–C, 19B–C, 20B View FIGURES 14–20 , 21A–B, 22A, 23C–D, 24A–B View FIGURES 21–25 ); ventral carina with setae only on lateral surface.................................................................................... 19

18a. (17a) Hemelytral process extending to apex of membrane in both sexes (16A–B); ventral surface of male mesotrochanter without group of ensiform setae.................................................. Martarega membranacea White, 1879 View in CoL

18b. Hemelytral process not extending to apex of membrane in both sexes (17A–B); ventral surface of male mesotrochanter with central group of ensiform setae ( Fig. 17C–D View FIGURES 14–20 )....................................... Martarega chinai Hynes, 1948 View in CoL

19a. (17b) Lateral margin of metatrochanter with apex truncate ( Fig. 19A View FIGURES 14–20 )............................................. 20

19b. Lateral margin of metatrochanter with apex not truncate ( Fig. 20C View FIGURES 14–20 )............................................ 22

20a. (19a) Male mesotrochanter with group of ensiform setae near lateral margin (19A); female abdomen constricted at posterior half ( Figs. 18D View FIGURES 14–20 )......................................................................................... 21

20b. Male mesotrochanter without group of ensiform setae (18A); female abdomen not constricted............................................................................................... Martarega hungerfordi Truxal, 1949 View in CoL

21a. (20a) Lateral margin of mesotrochanter without process in both sexes (18A); male mesofemur with only a few setae (18A); median stripe of female hemelytron with concavity at posterior margin (18C)........................................................................................ Martarega oriximinaensis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Ferreira Keppler, 2010 View in CoL

21b. Lateral margin of male mesotrochanter with rounded process (19A); lateral margin of male mesofemur distinctly setose (19A); median stripe of female hemelytron with parallel margins ( Fig. 19C View FIGURES 14–20 ).. Martarega siolii Barbosa, Nessimian & Takiya, 2015 View in CoL

22a. (19b) Hemelytron mostly hyaline, with opaque stripes (21A–B, 22A); no sexual dimorphism on hemelytral stripes shape (21A– B, 22A); male mesotrochanter with small groups of ensiform setae on lateral margin ( Fig. 21D View FIGURES 21–25 ); macropterous hemelytron brown............................................................................................. 23

22b. Hemelytron mostly opaque, with hyaline stripes (24C–D, 25A–B); sexual dimorphism on hemelytral stripes shape (24C–D, 25A–B); male mesotrochanter with thin setae centrally on ventral surface ( Fig. 24B, 25C View FIGURES 21–25 ); macropterous hemelytron yellow................................................................................................... 24

23a. (22a) Hemelytron with a single opaque stripe along costal margin ( Fig. 22A–B View FIGURES 21–25 ); male mesotrochanter with 3–4 groups of ensiform setae on lateral margin ( Fig. 22D View FIGURES 21–25 ); left paramere three times as long as wide ( Fig.22E View FIGURES 21–25 )... Martarega gonostyla Truxal, 1949 View in CoL

23b. Hemelytron with short opaque stripe at basal third medially and another opaque stripe along costal margin ( Fig.23A View FIGURES 21–25 ); male mesotrochanter with 1–2 groups of ensiform setae on lateral margin ( Fig. 16B View FIGURES 14–20 ); left paramere at most twice as long as wide ( Fig.23B View FIGURES 21–25 )................................................................ Martarega williamsi Truxal, 1949 View in CoL

24a. (22b) Ventral surface of labium setose (23A); group of setae on male mesotrochanter with irregular shape (23B); hyaline stripe originating from base of brachypterous female hemelytral process slightly curved to straight ( Fig. 23C View FIGURES 21–25 )........................................................................................ Martarega brasiliensis Truxal, 1949 View in CoL

24b. Ventral surface of labium glabrous; group of setae on male mesotrochanter rounded, slightly tumid (24C); hyaline stripe originating from base of brachypterous female hemelytral process tectiform ( Fig. 24B View FIGURES 21–25 )......................................................................................... Martarega nessimiani Barbosa & Rodrigues, 2013 View in CoL

25a (2b). Anterior width of vertex a little less than four times synthlipsis width; male genital capsule with dorsocaudal margin pointed and two ventrocaudal protuberances; parameres not reaching dorsocaudal margin of male genital capsule ( Fig. 25A View FIGURES 21–25 )................................................................. Notonecta (Paranecta) disturbata Hungerford, 1926 View in CoL

25b. Anterior width of vertex about four times synthlipsis width; male genital capsule with dorsocaudal margin rounded and one ventrocaudal protuberance; parameres reaching dorsocaudal margin of male genital capsule ( Fig. 25B View FIGURES 21–25 ).............................................................................. Notonecta (Paranecta) pulchra Hungerford, 1926 View in CoL