Ischyracis Förster, 1869

Subgenus Ischyracis Förster, 1869

Acanthostroblia Roman, 1925 .

Cymodusoides Viereck, 1925 .

Stroblia Schmiedeknecht, 1911 .

Type species: Eusterinx ( Ischyracis) bispinosa (Strobl, 1901)

Diagnosis

The subgenus Ischyracis is recognizable by the following characters: propodeum with well-developed apophyses; eye large or very large, strongly convex, female inner orbits distinctly convergent to clypeus (to a lesser extent in males); male with concave tyloid on 6th flagellomere. Fore wing with or without petiolate areolet.

Six species were previously known in this subgenus: Holarctic E. ( I.) bispinosa (Strobl, 1901) , Oriental E. ( I.) ganica Sheng et Sun, 2013 from China, three East Palaearctic species: E. ( I.) fulvipes Humala et Lee, 2017 , E. ( I.) petiolata Humala et Lee, 2017 and E. ( I.) rufithorax Humala et Lee, 2017 from South Korea, and E. ( I.) tenuiventris Humala et Ruiz, 2017 from Mexico. The subgenus Dallatorrea Ashmead, 1902 with four known Holarctic species ( E. armata (Ashmead, 1902) , E. circaea Rossem, 1982 , E. recurvata Dasch, 1992 , E. rufula (Provancher, 1879)) is reduced to the synonym of Ischyracis Förster, 1869 syn. n., as all key characters except presence/absence of closed areolet in fore wing occur in both subgenera or overlapping. It should be pointed out that the presence of a vein 3 rs-m closing the areolet posteriorly is an unreliable character, because, for example, within another Eusterinx subgenus, Trestis , it can be either well developed, partially reduced or completely absent.

Key to Ischyracis species of the world fauna

1. Fore wing with closed areolet............................................................................ 2

- Fore wing without areolet............................................................................... 6

2. Hind femur 3.45–4.0 × as long as wide; mesosoma rufous; epicnemial carina extending to subtegular ridge; anterior metasomal tergites longitudinally striate. Ovipositor 0.5–0.55 × as long as hind tibia, nearly straight................. 3

- Hind femur 4.4–5.0 × as long as wide; epicnemial carina ending opposite middle of pronotum; mesosoma mostly fuscous; metasomal tergites not striate, or at most, weakly on T1; Ovipositor 0.65–0.85 × as long as hind tibia................... 4

3. Antenna with 15–17 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 4.75–4.85 × as long as wide. Metasoma extensively rufous; T1 3.0–3.55 × as long as posterior width; T2 0.8–1.05 × as long as posterior width..................... rufula (Provancher) (Nearctic) View in CoL

- Antenna with 19 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 7.5 × as long as wide. Metasoma brown, posterior margins of T1–T5 yellowish. T1 3.8 × as long as posterior width; T2 1.2 × as long as posterior width … rufithorax Humala et Lee ( South Korea)

4. Notauli shallow, mesosoma rufous on recurved humeral bars, disk of mesoscutum, and scutellum..................................................................................................... recurvata Dasch (Nearctic) View in CoL

- Notauli deep, mesosoma entirely fuscous.................................................................. 5

5. Face very narrow, width 0.13–0.15 × head width in female, Antenna with 19–23 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 5.45–6.15 × as long as wide. Hind leg mostly rufous. Ovipositor 0.65–0.8 × as long as hind tibia, T2 1.25–1.5 × as long as posterior width........................................................................ armata (Ashmead) (Nearctic) View in CoL

- Face width 0.3 × head width in female, Antenna comparatively short, with 17 flagellomeres, first flagellomere nearly 5.0 × as long as wide. Hind coxa dark brown. Ovipositor 0.4 × as long as hind tibia; T2 as long as posterior width......................................................................................... circaea Rossem (Palaearctic) View in CoL

6. Nervulus distinctly postfurcal. Metapleuron with reticulate sculpture; metasoma slender, T1 4.2 × as long as posterior width; T2 2.2 × as long as posterior width, with rough longitudinal wrinkles................................................................................................... tenuiventris Humala et Ruiz ( Mexico) [female unknown]

- Nervulus interstitial. Metapleuron without rough reticulate sculpture; metasoma various............................. 7

7. Ovipositor short, 0.45–0.5 × as long as hind tibia; lower mesopleuron polished; hind femur 5.0–5.3 × as long as wide...... 8

- Ovipositor 0.85–1.0 × as long as hind tibia; lower mesopleuron polished or with longitudinal striae; hind femur 4.8–5.5 × as long as wide........................................................................................ 10

8. Small species, body length 3.6 mm, fore wing 2.7 mm; occipital carina developed only in dorsal part; area superomedia narrow, 2.5 × as long as maximum wide; T2 1.35 × as long as maximum wide posteriorly; hind coxa dark-brown... africana sp. nov.

- Larger species; body length 4.2– 6.3 mm, fore wing 3.7–5.0 mm; occipital carina complete; area superomedia 1.2 –1.8× as long as maximum wide; T2 1.6–2.0 × as long as maximum wide posteriorly; hind coxa mostly yellow...................... 9

9. Body length 6.3 mm, fore wing 5.0 mm; antenna with 23 flagellomeres, distinctly longer than fore wing; inner orbits strongly convergent to clypeus; longitudinal striae on T1–5; T2 2.0 × as long as posterior width...... ganica Sheng et Sun (Oriental)

- Body length 4.2 mm, fore wing 3.7 mm; antenna with 18 flagellomeres, nearly as long as fore wing; inner orbits moderately convergent downwards; longitudinal striae on T1–3; T2 1.6 × as long as posterior width.................................................................................................... fulvipes Humala et Lee ( South Korea)

10. Lower mesopleuron polished; T1 smooth, 4.2 × as long as posterior width, T2 2.1 × as long as posterior width; first flagellomere 7.0 × as long as wide; hind coxa polished, infuscate in basal half; hind femur yellowish.................................................................................................... petiolata Humala et Lee ( South Korea)

- Lower mesopleuron longitudinally striate; T1 longitudinally striate; T2 0.9–1.35 × as long as posterior width; first flagellomere 3.2–5.0 ×as long as wide; hind coxa coriaceous, black; hind femur dark brown.............. bispinosa (Strobl) (Holarctic) View in CoL