Tisamenus spadix ( Rehn & Rehn, 1939 )

Tisamenus spadix ( Rehn & Rehn, 1939) View in CoL

( Fig. 41-42, 46 W-X)

Hoploclonia spadix Rehn & Rehn, 1939: 478 View in CoL , pls. 31: 9 ( ♀), 32: 18 ( ♂). HT, ♂: N. W. Panay, Baker; Hoploclonia spadix Rehn & Rehn View in CoL , Type #.1346; Data Base Serial No. Assigned as Type No. September 2008. Type #9128 [ANSP];

PT, ♀ (penultimate instar): Culasi , Panay, Philippines; V.24.1918, R.C. McGregor; Hoploclonia spadix Rehn View in CoL + Rehn Allotype, Paratype; Data Base Serial No. Assigned as Type No. September 2008. Type No. #9128 [ ANSP] .

- Otte, 1978: 79. ( Type data)

Tisamenus spadix, Zompro, 2004: 207 View in CoL .

- Otte & Brock, 2005: 335.

- Hennemann et al., 2016: Figs. 62 ( ♀), 63 ( ♂), 71-a-c (egg).

- Brock & Büscher, 2022: 521.

- Hennemann, 2023b: 128.

Material examined

2 ♀, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (juveniles), 1 egg: Philippinen, Panay Island , Mount Nangtud 500 m, leg. N. Mohagan 12.-13.III.1996 [ FH, No’s 0271-1 to 6 & E] .

Differentiation. – This very distinctive species was placed in the Deplanatus group by Rehn & Rehn (1939) and apparently it is morphologically closest to T. deplanatus (Westwood, 1859) and T. cervicornis Bolívar, 1890 .However, this species has all the elements of armature of the head, body and limbs much more developed, which in particular concerns to the huge bi-spinose anterior pronotals which project notably over the anterior margin of the pronotum, and pair of strongposteriors on abdominal terga II-VI (smaller and missing on V-VI in deplanatus and cervicornis ), and having a distinct spiniform production externally on the metacoxae ( Fig.41C, 42E). Moreover, the metapleural is produced into two equally sized spiniform projections, whereasthese are unequalin deplanatus and cervicornis with the dorsal elementlarger.Females ( Fig. 41 A-C) have the mesonotal triangular area scarcely longer than wide, thus notably shorter than in deplanatus but proportionally longer than in cervicornis , and in contrast to these two species its disc is distinctly and evenly concave with the outer carinae A. Dorsal view. B. Dorsolateral view. C. ventral view (arrow indicating the exterior metacoxal spine). D. Terminalia in lateral view. E. Terminalia in dorsal view. F. Terminalia in ventral view. G. Closeup of head, pro- and mesosternum. H. Closeup of head, pro- and mesonotum.

weakly arched ( Fig.41H).Males( Fig.42 A-E) are easily separated from deplanatus and cervicornis as well as from all other similar species by the much more incrassate femora ( Fig. 42H) and the large, backwardarched spine at the anterior angles of the mesonotal triangular area ( Fig. 42F).The eggs( Fig.46 W-X) are most similar to those of cervicornis but differ by the more narrow and less dense network of fringy ridgesof the capsule as well as the shorter and broader anterior extension of the micropylar plate.

Egg ( Fig. 46 W-X)

Fairly large for the genus; capsule ovoid with the dorsal surface notably more bulgy than ventral surface and with a slight narrowing just below anterior margin; capsule 1.48x longer than wide. Surface minutely granulose, slightly shiny and all over covered by an uneven raised network of granular ridges; the lots between the ridges largest and most regular below anterior margin of capsule. The anterior margin somewhat inflated and tubercular. Micropylar plate fairly short and rather T-shaped with the posterolateral extensions equal in length to median portion and extending by an angle of almost 90°, length only about 0.55x as long as capsule. The median portion just slightly surpassing mid of egg capsule and the posterolateral extensions almost reaching to ventral egg surface. Outer margin raised and granular, the interior area of the plate with a similar but much narrower meshwork of granular ridges. Posterior portion almost straight with a large knob-like micropylar cup in centre. Median line indistinct and very short. Operculum almost circular in outline; near the outer margin with a collar of fairly long-fringy protuberances and interiorly with a high rim of fringe-like excrescences; both connected by a few very fine irregularly radial directed carinae. Colour plain ochraceous to pale orangey brown with all the raised parts and fringes contrasting dark brown. Measurements [mm]: Length incl. operculum 4.2, length 4.0, width 2.7, height 2.9, length of micropylar plate 2.2.

Remarks. – Illustrations of both sexes and the egg were provided by Hennemann et al. (2016, figs. 62,63, 71a-c). Since the morphology of the adult ♀ essentially corresponds to that of the penultimate instar nymph described in detail by Rehn & Rehn (1939: 480) no redescription but only detailed illustrations of the adult insect are presented herein ( Fig. 41 A-H). The egg is documented photographically and described formally above. Body lengths ♀ 59.0- 61.5 mm, ♂ 37.0- 42.5 mm.

A. HT, dorsal view [ANSP]. B. Dorsal view. C. Dorsolateral view. D. Lateral view. E. Ventral view (arrows pointing to the exterior metacoxal spine). F. Closeup of head, pro- and mesonotum. G. Closeup of head, pro- and mesosternum. H. Anteroventral view of right hind leg. I. Terminalia in dorsal view. J. Terminalia in ventral view.

Distribution. – Panay, endemic. Northwest Panay [ANSP – type locality]); Province Antique (Culasi [ANSP]; Mount Nangtud [FH]; Sebaste, Alegre [photographic record: https://inaturalist.ca/ observations/181791590]); Province Aklan (Malay, near Dumlog [photographic record:https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/182627542].