Aporrhaidae, Grey, 1850

2.6.1 | Aporrhaidae View in CoL + Struthiolariidae

A specimen of Toarctocera subpunctata (Münster, 1844) from the Late Toarcian (Baden Württemberg) is the oldest complete aporrhaid specimen recorded in the literature ( Gründel et al., 2009, fig. 2). However, numerous older, incomplete specimens (e.g., Terquem, 1855, pl. 17, fig. 5; Moore, 1867, pl. 14, figs 23–25; Piette, 1876, pl. 1, figs 2, 3; Haas, 1953, pl. 16, figs 51, 55; Schubert et al., 2008, fig. 5c) suggest an earlier origin for Aporrhaidae . A specimen of Alaria hudlestoni E. Wilson, 1887 from the lower Sinemurian (Lower Lias, Gloucestershire, Wilson, 1887, pl. 5, fig. 13, dated by Gründel et al., 2009) is a damaged shell, but has more intact diagnostic characters than earlier representatives ( Tracey et al., 1993), and was used to date the crown age of Aporrhaidae + Struthiolariidae (Table 1).