Dilar Rambur, 1838

Genus Dilar Rambur, 1838 View in CoL View at ENA

Dilar Rambur, [1838] View in CoL 1837–1840: pl. 9, figs 4, 5. Type species: Dilar nevadensis Rambur, [1838] View in CoL 1837–1840: pl. 9 (monotypy).

Cladocera Hagen, 1860: 56 . Nomen nudum.

Lidar Navás, 1909: 153. Type species: Dilar meridionalis Hagen, 1866: 295 (original designation).

Fuentenus Navás, 1909: 154. Type species: Dilar campestris Navás, 1903: 380 (original designation).

Rexavius Navás, [1909] 1908–1909: 664. Type species: Dilar nietneri Hagen, 1858: 482 (designated by Navás 1914: 10).

Nepal Navás, [1909] 1908–1909: 661. Type species: Nepal harmandi Navás, [1909] View in CoL 1908–1909: 661 (original designation).

Notes.

See detailed diagnosis of Dilar and current distribution in Li et al. (2021). The Chinese species of Dilar are divided into five species-groups in Zhang et al. (2015). Here, by adding new species published after Zhang et al. (2015), we re-classify the species-groups in China and propose a new species-group. A total of six Dilar species-groups are currently recorded in China, as follows:

The Dilar hastatus species-group: 16 species are recorded from China, i. e. D. bifurcatus Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. chebalingensis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. hastatus Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 , D. longidens Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. maoershanensis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. pallidus Nakahara, 1955 , D. septentrionalis Navás, 1912 , D. sinicus Nakahara, 1957 , D. stenopterus Yang, 1999 , D. taibaishanus Zhang, Liu & H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 , D. taiwanensis Banks, 1937 , D. tianmuanus Yang, 2001 , D. wuyianus Yang, 1999 , D. lanlingensis sp. nov., D. tuyuezhengi sp. nov. and D. yangyingae sp. nov. This species-group is characterised by the proximally inflated male gonocoxite 9, with unguiform or bifid tip and by the slender elongate male gonocoxite 10, which is generally much longer than gonocoxite 9.

The Dilar guangxiensis species-group: 10 species are recorded from China, i. e. D. dulongjiangensis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. geometroides H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 , D. guangxiensis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. harmandi ( Navás, 1909) , D. insularis Zhang, Liu, U. Aspöck in Zhang et al. 2014, D. lulanae sp. nov., D. tibetanus Yang, 1987 , D. yangi Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. yucheni Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 and D. zhangweiae Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 . This species-group is characterised by the male tergum 9 with a posteromedial projection (= dorsoprocessus), which is generally cone-shaped and by the male gonocoxite 10 generally with a pointy lobe connecting to gonocoxite 9 submedially.

The Dilar yunnanus species-group: Three species are recorded from China, i. e. D. dongchuanus Yang, 1986 , D. megalopterus Yang, 1986 and D. yunnanus Yang, 1986 . This species-group is characterised by the strongly inflated male gonocoxite 9 with unguiform or bifid tip and by the fused male gonocoxites 11 nearly W-shaped, with median portion convex posteriad.

The Dilar lijiangensis species-group: Four species are recorded from China, i. e. D. lijiangensis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. nobilis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. weibaoshanensis Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 and D. puerensis sp. nov. This species-group is characterised by the slender elongate male gonocoxite 9, which is inflated at base and by the slender elongate male gonocoxite 10, which are bifurcated submedially.

The Dilar spectabilis species-group: Four species are recorded from China, i. e. D. montanus Yang, 1992 , D. muliensis Li & Liu, 2020 , D. spectabilis Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 and D. qiongduensis sp. nov. This species-group is characterised by the generally dark wings, the male gonocoxite 10 submedially with an additional flake-like lobe connecting to gonocoxite 9 and the male ectoproct with a pair of laterally curved unguiform projections at tip.

The Dilar caesarulus species-group: Only one species is recorded from China, i. e. D. kirgisus H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1967 . Notably, this species-group is primarily distributed in Central Asia. Apart from D. kirgisus , there are other four members, i. e. Dilar caesarulus H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1967 , Dilar dochaner H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 , Dilar hornei McLachlan, 1869 and Dilar vartianorum H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1967 . This species-group is characterised by the densely-spotted forewings, the male tergum 9 with a nearly rectangular posteromedial projection (= dorsoprocessus), the male ectoproct with a slightly convex anterior margin and lateral prominences, the male gonocoxite 9 acutely narrowed distad and the strongly arched fused male gonocoxites 11.

However, the remaining 11 species from China, i. e. D. canyuanensis Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 , D. cornutus Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. daweishanensis Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 , D. jiquanyui sp. nov., D. lii Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. maculosus Zhang, Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2015 , D. nujianganus Li, H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Liu, 2021 , D. weiningensis sp. nov., D. punctulosus Li & Liu, 2020 , D. subdolus Navás, 1932 and D. formosanus (Okamoto & Kuwayama, 1920) cannot be assigned to any of these species-groups above.