Megadiestramima Storozhenko, 1992

Genus Megadiestramima Storozhenko View in CoL et Gorochov, 1992

Type species: Megadiestramima intermedia Storozhenko et Gorochov, 1992 , by original designation.

Note. This genus includes large representatives of Diestramimini having the following diagnostic characters (see also the generic key in Gorochov & Storozhenko, 2015): in male, the posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite is more or less short (almost truncate or spine-like) and covering only the proximal part of paraprocts from above ( Figs 1, 6, 11, 15, 21, 25, 29, 34, 58, 62, 66, 75); in female, this process is smaller or almost undeveloped, usually widely rounded but sometimes tubercle-like or with a very small apical notch; each male paraproct is rather high, plate-like, having a large rounded dorsal (dorsoproximal) lobe and narrower ventroapical process or hook ( Figs 2, 7, 12, 16, 22, 26, 30, 35, 59, 63, 67, 72, 76); in female, each paraproct less high, roundly triangular, and with a small apical tubercle; the male genitalia have a few dorsal sclerites (one larger Y-shaped sclerite and a pair of smaller ribbon-like sclerites; Figs 36–48) or only rudiments of such sclerites ( Fig. 49), but in some species, these genitalia lack sclerites ( Figs 51–57); female genital plate is rath- er diverse in shape ( Figs 4, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18–20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 61, 65, 70, 73, 77, 78); ovipositor is long, narrow, barely curved upwards, acute at the apex, and lacking distinct drilling teeth or tubercles ( Fig. 50).

Megadiestramima View in CoL contains 14 previously described and new species and subspecies which are distributed in Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam, Central and Southern Thailand as well as Cambodia. The genus is here divided into three subgenera: Megadiestramima View in CoL s. str.; Leodiestramima Storozhenko, 2009; Neodiestramima View in CoL subgen. nov. It is necessary to note that Leodiestramima was originally described as a subgenus in Megadiestramima ( Storozhenko, 2009) View in CoL on the base of absence or presence of sclerites in the male genitalia as well as on some differences in the shape of female genital plate; but later, this taxon was considered as a separate genus ( Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014). However, the new material shows that the differences between all species of Megadiestramima View in CoL s. l. are less distinct than differences between this genus and other genera of Diestramimini View in CoL : M. centralis View in CoL sp. nov. has the male genitalia with only rudiments of sclerites ( Fig. 49); the previously unknown female of M. orlovi Gorochov, 1994 View in CoL (a species included by Storozhenko in Leodiestramima ) has the genital plate clearly different from that of Leodiestramima type species (for comparison see Figs 65 and 70, 73). These subgenera and species are characterized in the key given below.

1. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite widely truncate at apex but with posteromedian edge having a pair of very small hooks or tubercles located near each other and directed downwards and/or backwards ( Figs 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 25, 29, 31, 34); paraproct with simple or hook-like ventroapical process directed upwards and/or backwards ( Figs 2, 7, 12, 16, 22, 26, 30, 35); genitalia with Y-shaped median sclerite ( Figs 36–48) or its rudiments ( Fig. 49). Female: seventh abdominal tergite with short and rather widely rounded posteromedian projection or almost without such projection; genital plate with distinctly notched or almost truncate apex, and usually with small lateral spinules or tubercles ( Figs 4, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18–20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33). Subgenus Megadiestramima s. str....................... 2

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite diverse in shape; but if it widely truncate, then without paired hooks or tubercles in posteromedian part ( Figs 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69, 71, 75); paraproct with ventroapical process almost S-shaped in profile ( Figs 59, 63) or having thin apical spinule directed backwards/downwards ( Figs 67, 72, 76); genitalia without sclerites ( Figs 51–57). Female: seventh abdominal tergite as in Megadiestramima View in CoL s. str. or with short and narrow posteromedian process; genital plate diverse but without lateral spinules........................ 9

2. Male: sixth abdominal tergite with very short posteromedian lobe significantly not reaching apex of posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite; latter process moderately short and wide ( Figs 1, 6, 11, 15); ventroapical process of paraproct always strong and more or less acute, as well as slightly arcuate or almost straight in profile ( Figs 2, 7, 12, 16); dorsal lobe of paraproct not projected backwards ( Figs 2, 7, 12), but if this lobe projected backwards, ventroapical process of paraproct rath- er short ( Fig. 16). Female: genital plate with distinct (but not deep) angular notch at apex ( Figs 4, 9, 18, 19)..................................... 3

– Male: sixth and seventh abdominal tergites with posteromedian projections rather diverse ( Figs 21, 25, 29, 34); ventroapical process of paraproct rather thin (not strong; Fig. 30) or apically rounded (not acute; Fig. 35), or this process strongly curved upwards ( Fig. 22), or paraproct with long ventroapical process and simultaneously with dorsal lobe projected backwards ( Fig. 26). Female: genital plate with apical notch rounded ( Fig. 23) or deep ( Fig. 32), or with apex almost truncate (slightly concave; Fig. 27).............................. 6

3. Male: paraproct with long ventroapical process (distance from cercal base to apex of paraproct 2–2.3 times as long as this process; Figs 2, 7); Y-shaped median sclerite in genitalia with distal unpaired part longer than a pair of proximal parts ( Figs 36, 37, 39).............................. 4

– Male: paraproct with short ventroapical process (distance from cercal base to apex of paraproct approximately 2.6 times as long as this process; Figs 12, 16); Y-shaped median sclerite in genitalia with distal (unpaired) part almost equal to a pair of proximal parts in length or shorter than these proximal parts ( Figs 45–47)....................... 5

4. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite wider (distal part of this process about 3.5 mm in width; Fig. 1); paraproct with ventroapical process slightly curved in profile, and without distinct convexity between base of this process and dorsal lobe ( Fig. 2); genitalia with Y-shaped sclerite having distal (unpaired) part distinctly longer than a pair of proximal parts, and with rather small membranous lobes ( Figs 36–38)........................................... M. (M.) intermedia View in CoL

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite narrower (distal part of this process about 2 mm in width; Fig. 6); paraproct with ventroapical process almost straight, and with distinct convexity between base of this process and dorsal lobe ( Fig. 7); genitalia with Y-shaped sclerite having distal (unpaired) part slightly longer than a pair of proximal parts, and with rather large membranous lobes ( Fig. 39).............. M. (M.) borealis View in CoL sp. nov.

5. Male: paraproct rather high and with dorsal lobe not projected backwards ( Fig. 12); genitalia with distal (unpaired) part of Y-shaped median sclerite almost equal a pair of its proximal parts in length ( Fig. 47)............. M. (M.) abramovi View in CoL sp. nov.

– Male: paraproct less high and with dorsal lobe distinctly projected backwards ( Fig. 16); genitalia with distal (unpaired) part of Y-shaped median sclerite clearly shorter than a pair of its proximal parts ( Figs 45, 46).......... M. (M.) extensa Gorochov, 1998 View in CoL

6. Male: sixth abdominal tergite with moderately short posteromedian lobe not reaching apex of posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite ( Figs 21, 29); paraproct with acute and hooked ventroapical process as well as with dorsal lobe not projected or almost not projected backwards ( Figs 22, 30). Female: genital plate with distinct posteromedian notch ( Figs 23, 32).................... 7

– Male: sixth abdominal tergite with moderately long posteromedian lobe reaching apex of posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite or even slightly protruding beyond this apex ( Figs 25, 26), or almost without such lobe ( Fig. 34); paraproct with straight and apically rounded ventroproximal process ( Fig. 35), or with dorsal lobe clearly projected backwards ( Fig. 26). Female unknown or with genital plate almost truncate (slightly concave) at apex ( Fig. 27)......................... 8

7. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite moderately short and wide (width of its distal part 3.5– 4 mm; Fig. 21); paraproct with ventroapical process strong, short and strongly curved upwards ( Fig. 22). Female: genital plate with rounded and not deep apical notch ( Fig. 23).............. M. (M.) darevskyi Gorochov, 1998 View in CoL

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite somewhat longer and narrower (width of its distal part 2–2.5 mm; Fig. 29); paraproct with ventroapical process thin, long and moderately curved upwards ( Fig. 30). Female: genital plate with deep and angular apical notch ( Fig. 32)................................. M. (M.) vera Gorochov, 2002 View in CoL

8. Male: sixth abdominal tergite with moderately long posteromedian lobe reaching apex of posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite or even slightly protruding beyond this apex ( Figs 25, 26); posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite moderately long ( Figs 25, 26); paraproct with acute and hooked ventroapical process as well as with dorsal lobe clearly projected backwards ( Fig. 26); genitalia with median sclerite clearly Y-shaped ( Fig. 48). Female: genital plate almost truncate (slightly concave) at apex ( Fig. 27)........................... M. (M.) bilobata View in CoL sp. nov.

– Male: sixth abdominal tergite almost without posteromedian lobe ( Fig. 34); posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite very short ( Figs 34, 35); paraproct with apically rounded and straight ventroapical process as well as with dorsal lobe clearly not projected backwards ( Fig. 35); genitalia with a pair of slightly sclerotized ribbons ( Fig. 49) instead Y-shaped median sclerite. [Female unknown].............. M. (M.) centralis View in CoL sp. nov.

9. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite more or less wide and apically truncate ( Figs 58, 62); paraproct in profile with shortly S-shaped ventroapical process ( Figs 59, 63). Female: genital plate very short and with angular posteromedi- an part ( Figs 61, 65). Subgenus Leodiestramima [Type species: Megadiestramima exculta Gorochov, 1998 View in CoL , by original designation]................. 10

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite narrow (almost spine-like) and with rath- er diverse apex ( Figs 66, 69, 71, 75); paraproct in profile with ventroapical process not S-shaped but having thin apical spinule directed backwards/ downwards ( Figs 67, 72, 76). Female: genital plate diverse in length but with notched or almost truncate apical part ( Figs 70, 73, 78). Subgenus Neodiestramima View in CoL subgen. nov. [Type species: Megadiestramima orlovi Gorochov, 1994 View in CoL . Etymology: from generic name Diestramima View in CoL ].............. 11

10. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite rather wide and distinctly truncate ( Fig. 58); paraproct with comparatively elongate ventroapical process which distinctly S-shaped in profile ( Fig. 59); genitalia with membranous lobes rather short ( Figs 53, 54). Female: genital plate with short (not spine-like) apical tubercle ( Fig. 61); ovipositor long (hind femur approximately 1.4 times as long as ovipositor)....................................... M. (L.) lecta Gorochov, 1998 View in CoL

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite clearly narrower and roundly truncate ( Fig. 62); paraproct with ventroapical process somewhat shorter and less S-shaped in profile ( Fig. 63); genitalia with membranous lobes longer ( Figs 51, 52). Female: genital plate with apical tubercle less short, almost spine-like ( Fig. 65); ovipositor distinctly shorter (hind femur 2.1–2.2 times as long as ovipositor)......... M. (L.) exculta Gorochov, 1998 View in CoL

11. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite rather long (paraproct 1.5–2 times as long as this process; Figs 66, 67, 72). Female: genital plate with rather wide apex having shallow or very shallow posteromedian notch ( Figs 70, 73)..... 12

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite much shorter (paraproct almost 3.5 times as long as this process; Figs 75, 76). Female: genital plate with rather narrow apex having very shallow notch or lacking any notch ( Fig. 78)................................. M. (N.) brevispina View in CoL sp. nov.

12. Lateral ocelli small ( Fig. 68); posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite in male with rath- er narrow basal part ( Fig. 66); male paraproct long, approximately two times as long as above-mentioned process ( Fig. 67). [Female unknown]................. M. (N.) orlovi orlovi Gorochov, 1994 View in CoL

– Lateral ocelli large ( Fig. 74); posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite in male with diverse basal part ( Figs 69, 71); male paraproct shorter, approximately 1.5 times as long as above-mentioned process ( Fig. 72)............................. 13

13. Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite with rather narrow basal part ( Fig. 69). Female: genital plate with apical part narrower and having very shallow posteromedian notch ( Fig. 70)........ M. (N.) orlovi khmerica View in CoL subsp. nov.

– Male: posteromedian process of seventh abdominal tergite with rather wide basal part ( Fig. 71). Female: genital plate with apical part wider and having shallow posteromedian notch ( Fig. 73)........................ M. (N.) orlovi lata View in CoL subsp. nov.