Terebra joculosa, Simone, 2024

Terebra joculosa View in CoL new species

( Fig. 34 View Figure 34 H-O) https://zoobank.org/ 04545481-6659-4D9E-A347-4E75BA2810AC

Terebra gemmulata View in CoL : Morretes, 1949: 110; Rios, 1970: 122 (pl. 46), 1975: 126 (pl. 38, fig. 552), 1985: 130 (pl. 45, fig.587),1994:180 (pl. 60,fig. 836),2009:355 (fig. 923); Simone, 1999: 200, 224-229, 242-246 (figs. 1G, 3D, 7G, 8C, 13A, 18-20), 2000: 138, 143-149, 2011: 169, 271, 278, 285, 292, 299, 306 (non Kiener, 1835).

Types: Holotype MZSP 166481 View Materials , shell . Paratypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo; Santos, off, 24°13′54″S 46°16′42″W, 32 m, MZSP 28692 View Materials . 3 spm (fishermen col., o.t., 14.iv.1969; voucher by Simone, 1999), Ponta da Praia , 23°58′33.26″S 46°18′50.42″W, MZSP50569 View Materials , 2 View Materials shells (J.Vaz leg., AM Abraão col.,o.t., 20.xii.1967) GoogleMaps ; Praia Grande View in CoL ,from type locality, MZSP 82756 View Materials , 12 View Materials shells (Simone leg., fishermen col., 1982) . Rio Grande do Sul; Mostardas , off, 30°50′25.1″S 50°40′58.6″W, MZSP 166479 View Materials , 2 View Materials shells (J.C.Tarasconi col., o.t., xii.2000) GoogleMaps .

Type locality: BRAZIL. São Paulo ; Praia Grande , off Boqueirão beach, 24°02′39″S 46°27′39″W, 8-10 m [Simone leg., fishermen col., o.t., 1982].

Diagnosis: SE-S Brazilian species of ~ 30 mm, spire angle ~12°. Protoconch conic, of 3.5 whorls. Sculpture of clustered axial ribs, with smooth interspaces, with pair of subsutural nodes, spirally aligned forming groove. Canal with satellite fold.

Description: Shell of ~ 30 mm; ~5.4 times longer than wide; ~15 whorls. Protoconch of 3.5 whorls, successively larger, being first whorl much smaller; smooth, no sculpture ( Fig.34L View Figure 34 ); length 0.7 mm, width, 0.4 mm; larger shells with protoconch always broken ( Fig. 34J View Figure 34 ). Teleoconch of uniform growth; whorls planar; suture simple, plane. Spire angle ~12°. Sculpture of uniform, narrow, delicate ribs, ~ 35 in penultimate whorl; ribs interspaces smooth, equivalent to twice each rib width; each rib bearing uniformly and spirally aligned sutural and subsutural nodes in superior region, subsutural nodes located between superior and mid thirds of each whorl; each rib slightly arched in middle (concavity towards aperture). Sculpture of last whorl similar to spire; ribs covering dorsal region of siphon. Aperture elliptic, ~twice longer than wide, occupying ~15% of shell length, ~43% of shell width; superior region with weak anal notch; inferior region with short canal turned to left. Outer lip simple, rounded, with small concavity between both sutural and subsutural nodes; inner lip as concave as outer lip, no callus. Siphon with strong superior, satellite oblique fold, flanking it externally, ending in inferior end of outer lip; below this fold smooth,glossy area;canal curved,wide,~30% of aperture width. No inner columellar fold. Remaining morphological characteristics described by Simone, 1999: 224-229 (fi gs. 1G, 3D, 7G, 8C, 13A, 18-20) (as T. gemmulata ).

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word jocus, meaning jewel, in apposition to gemma, its previous designation.

Distribution: Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul.

Measurements (in mm): Holotype MZSP 133481 ( Fig. 34 View Figure 34 H-K): 37.8 by 7.5. Paratype: MZSP 166479 ( Fig.34 View Figure 34 M-N):45.4 by 8.8;MZSP 20569 ( Fig.34O View Figure 34 ):45.5 by 8.0. Additional material examined: Topotypes, MZSP 79196, 12 shells (i.1981), MZSP 81773, 22 shells (i.1980), MZSP 81704, 21 shells (ii.1980). BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro; off Santana Island, 23°19′S 43°01′W, 100 m, MZSP 150738, 1 shell (shrimpers col., o.t., v.2015); Rio das Ostras, off, 22°32′S 41°55′W, MZSP 132343, 1 shell (Marcus collection; o.t., ix.1971). São Paulo; Ubatuba, off, MZSP 99573, 1 shell (v.1986); Guarujá, Sanguava beach, 24°00′05.23″S 46°19′16.42″W, MZSP 50565, 1 shell (J. Vaz col., xi.1971); Peruíbe, 24.22324°S 47.013820″W, MZSP 133377, 3 shells (J. Colella leg., Camargo col., 02.xi.1968), 24°48′49″S 46°39′02″W, MZSP 50598, 1 shell (H. Nucci col., 01.ii.1972), 24°18′S 47°00′W, MZSP 166478, 8 shells (J. Colella leg., A.M. Camargo col., ii.1968). Paraná; Paranaguá, port dredgings, 25°28′S 47°40′W, MZSP 50568, 1 shell (F.L. Morretes leg., 27.ix.1934); Matinhos, Praia Mansa , 25°50′28″S 48°32′16″W, MZSP 142489, 1 shell (Simone et al. col., 17.x.2018). Rio Grande do Sul (J.C.Tarasconi leg.); Tramandaí, off, 30°01′S 50°03′W, 25 m, MZSP 35512, 2 shells (fishermen col., ii.2002); Mostardas, off, 31°17′S 50°42′W, 12 m MZSP 62983, 4 shells (fishermen col., o.t., 08.xii.2000). Plus 34 lots not listed here.

Remarks: Terebra joculosa has previously been misidentified as T.gemmulata along the Brazilian coast. Although Bratcher & Cernohorsky (1987) conducted a comprehensive review of the species, their study did not include any examination of Brazilian specimens. Notably, they mentioned that T. gemmulata is one of the two species found in cold waters, a detail inconsistent with its supposed presence in the warm waters off the Brazilian coast. Conversely, Simone (1999) conducted an anatomical review of the species but focused exclusively on Brazilian samples. However, upon later comparison of specimens from Brazil, Argentina, and Chile – initially assumed to be conspecific – they exhibited consistent and significant shell differences, strongly suggesting that they represent three distinct species.

In comparing T. joculosa and T. gemmulata , noticeable differences arise in size and the sharpness of spire angles. Terebra joculosa measures approximately 30 mm in length, whereas T. gemmulata exceeds 60 mm, more than twice the size. The spire angle of T. joculosa is approximately 12°, giving it a distinctly sharper point, while T. gemmulata exhibits a wider spire angle of around 20°. Sculpturally, the two species also differ: T. joculosa features numerous ribs per whorl with very narrow interspaces, whereas T. gemmulata has fewer ribs that are more spaced out, accounting for approximately one-third of the number found in T. joculosa . Moreover, T. joculosa displays sculpture in the inferior region of the last whorl, a feature absent in T. gemmulata . Additionally, T. joculosa possesses a robust superior oblique fold flanking the ventral side of the canal, a characteristic not observed in T. gemmulata .

A comparable set of distinctions is observed between T. gemmulata and another putative synonym, T. chilensis (see Fig. 34A, B View Figure 34 ), primarily involving smaller size, more inflated whorls, and distinct sculpture. These variations suggest that T. chilensis might represent a distinct regional species, warranting reconsideration and potential revalidation. A single shell present in MZSP collection (#MZSP 19326, from off Uruguay – Fig. 35C, D View Figure 35 ) possibly belong to an undescribed species related to the T. gemmulata complex. It has a similar density of axial ribs of T. joculosa , but the sculpture is much stronger, the spire angle is wider, the shell is rather obese, and the subsutural nodes are larger and more uniformly organized. In fact, in this regard, this shell resembles the illustration of T.patagonica by d′Orbigny (1839) ( Fig. 34G View Figure 34 ); it differs in having axial sculpture. Because of its bad state and scarcity, this species remains undescribed, provisionally called T. aff. joculosa ( Fig. 35C, D View Figure 35 ) [Material examined: URUGUAY. Maldonado, off, 35°33′S 53°48′W, 58 m, MZSP 19326, 1 shell (R.V.W. Besnard col., sta. 1868, 12.viii.1972)].

Genus Neoterebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson ,