Pauroaspis Tang, 1995

Genus Pauroaspis Tang, 1995

Pauroaspis Tang in Tang & Hao 1995: 326. Type species: Asterolecanium ceriferum ceriferum Green by monotypy and original designation.

Generic diagnosis (adapted from Tang & Hao 1995). Body elongate oval to nearly circular. Antennae small, one segmented, bearing both short and long setae. Labium without setae. Thoracic spiracles present. Dorsal tube situated at posterior end of abdomen. Anal lobes absent, apical setae degenerate. Anal apparatus reduced, anal tube short and small, anal ring without pores, with two short setae at most. Body margin with ventral rows of 8-shaped pores and quinquelocular pores, row of discoidal pores present or absent. Tubular ducts long, slender, densely distributed across dorsum, absent from posterior dorsum. Both large and minute 8-shaped pores present or absent, discoidal pores present. Ventral multilocular disc-pores often absent, if present then arranged in transverse rows across some abdominal segments near vulva, a few replaced by large quinquelocular pores. Dark-rimmed 8-shaped pores absent or distributed over venter of abdomen and near labium. Submarginal 8-shaped pores present or absent. Ventral tubular duct present or absent.

Remarks. The genera Pauroaspis , Bambusaspis Cockerell, 1902 , Forticauda Gavrilov-Zimin, 2019 , Hsuia Ferris, 1950 , Liuaspis Borchsenius, 1960 and Wuelagatis, Jian & Xing, 2022 are specifically parasitic on bamboo. The morphological differences between Pauroaspis and the other five genera are summarized in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .

Several of the six bamboo-feeding genera ( Table 1 View TABLE 1 ) show reduced development of some morphological structures. The two genera with well-developed anal lobes ( Bambusaspis and Hsuia ) also exhibit a well-developed anal apparatus, including an anal ring with anal ring pores and 6 anal ring setae. In contrast, three of the four genera with reduced anal lobes ( Wuelagatis , Liuaspis , and Pauroaspis ) have a reduced anal apparatus, including an anal ring with only 2 anal ring setae and no anal ring pores. Forticauda has reduced anal lobes but possesses a unique anal conus, including an anal ring with 6 anal ring setae but no anal ring pores. Two of the three genera with dorsal tubes ( Bambusaspis and Pauroaspis ) each have a marginal row of 8-shaped pores; the third, Hsuia , lacks this row. Conversely, two of the three genera without dorsal tubes ( Forticauda and Wuelagatis ) lack a marginal row of 8- shaped pores but the third, Liuaspis , has marginal 8-shaped pores.

Key to adult females of Pauroaspis species worldwide

1(0) Venter of abdomen with large quinquelocular or multilocular pores.............................................. 2

– Venter of abdomen without large quinquelocular or multilocular pores........................................... 4

2(1) Venter of abdomen with large quinquelocular pores......................................... P. rutilant ( Wu, 1983)

– Venter of abdomen with multilocular pores................................................................. 3

3(2) Venter with dark-rimmed 8-shaped pores, but without tubular ducts. Dorsum with minute 8-shaped pores.......................................................................................... P. chuanensis Li & Wu , sp. nov.

– Venter without dark-rimmed 8-shaped pores, but with submarginal band of minute tubular ducts. Dorsum without minute 8- shaped pores............................................................... P. daedalea Gavrilov-Zimin, 2013

4(1) Dorsum with large 8-shaped pores........................................................................ 5

– Dorsum without large 8-shaped pores..................................................................... 6

5(4) Posterior abdomen sclerotized. Marginal 8-shaped pores present only on thorax, from near anterior spiracles to near posterior spiracles........................................................................ P. scirrosis ( Russell, 1941)

– Posterior abdomen membranous. Marginal 8-shaped pores present from head to near apical setae.... P. elongata ( Russell, 1941)

6(4) Dorsum without either large or minute 8-shaped pores..................................... P. cerifera ( Green, 1909)

– Dorsum with minute 8-shaped pores only; large 8-shaped pores absent........................................... 7

7(6) Row of marginal 8-shaped pores ends at posterior 1/5th of body, a long way from base of each apical seta............................................................................................ P. proboscidis ( Russell, 1941)

– Row of marginal 8-shaped pores ends very close to base of each apical seta................... P. simplex ( Russell, 1941)