Erechthias itoi Moriuti & Kadohara, 1994

Erechthias itoi Moriuti & Kadohara, 1994 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Figures 1–8 , 2 View Figures 1–8 , 27 View Figures 27–30 , 35 View Figures 35–38 , 43 View Figures 43–50 , 44 View Figures 43–50 , 51 View Figure 51 , 52 Japanese name: Ogasawara-tsumaorega View Figure 52

Erechthias itoi Moriuti & Kadohara, 1994: 567. Type locality: Japan (Chichijima Island); Yoshimatsu and Makihara 1995: 449, figs 1, 2; Sakai 2013: 130, fig. 3-12 - 16; Hirowatari and Yagi 2023: 24. View in CoL

Material examined.

Japan: [Tokyo, Ogasawara Isls.]: [Chichijima Is.]: 1 ♂, Mt. Sakaigatake , alt. 390 m, 17.VI.2023, LT, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 3 ♂, Shigureyama , alt. 252 m, 18.VI.2022, LT, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, genitalia slide no. JP-164, DNA sample JHP-266, museum ID ELKU -I-L-Bonin 000071 , ELKU • 4 ♂, same locality, alt. 252 m, 18.VI.2022, S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, S. Tomura, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 2 ♂, same locality, 26.VI.2022, LT, S. Yagi, S. Tomura, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 10 ♂, same locality, 13.XI.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 10 ♂ 1 ♀, same locality, 9.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, S. Tomura, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 6 ♂, same locality, 13.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, S. Tomura, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 9 ♂, same locality, 9.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-173, JHP-117, ELKU • 3 ♂, same data, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same locality, 11.VI.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, J. - H. Park, I. Kawashima, J. Hamaguchi & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 15 ♂, Tatsumi road , 11.VI.2023, LT, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Higashi-machi , 12–14.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 13.III.2023, LT, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 22.I.2024, at Light, Yu Hisasue leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Higashidaira , 18.VI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 26.VI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 15.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, 10.III.2023, SW, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Asahiyama , alt. 206 m, 18.VI.2022, S. Tomura leg., JP-162, JHP-265, ELKU -I-L-Bonin 000070 , ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 13.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, 11.VI.2023, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 4 ♂, same locality, 14.XI.2022, LT, J. - H. Park, T. Hirowatari, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-179, JHP-122, ELKU • 1 ♂, Chuosan , 14.XI.2022. XI. 14, LT, T. Hirowatari, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Funamiyama , alt. 150 m, 11.III.2022, LT, T, Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU -IL Bonin 000181 , ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, alt. 135 m, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Kopepe-kaigan , 12.VI.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Kitafukurozawa first tunnel , 10.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, Nagatani ( Ogaguwanomori ), 12.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, S. Tomura, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., JP-175, JHP-119, ELKU • 1 ♀, Kitafukurozawa , alt. 10 m, 26.IX.2023, LT, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU - IL Bonin 000182 , ELKU • 3 ♂, Mt. Akahata-yama , 13.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Ogamiyama , 25.VI.2022, LT, S. Yagi, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, S. Tomura, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 3 ♂, same data, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 11–16.VII.2024, MT, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 4 ♂ Mt. Mikazuki-yama , 11.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui, S. Tomura &. J. - H. Park leg., JP-176, JHP-120, ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 13.VI.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, 13.VI.2023, J. - H. Park leg., JP-139, JHP-095, ELKU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Ohgiura-Komagari , 18–31.VII.2023, N. Tsuji leg., ELKU • [Hahajima Is.]: 2 ♂, Motochi , 12.IV.1999, S. Omura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 15.IV.1999, S. Omura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, Emrg. on 15.IV.1999, S. Omura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 15.VII.2002, S. Omura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Chokiyama , 22.VI.2022, LT, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, 15.VI.2023, LT, J. - H. Park leg., JP-138, JHP-094, ELKU • 1 ♂, Hyogidaira , alt. 89 m, 23.VI.2022, LT, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-165, JHP-267, ELKU -I-L-Bonin 000072 • 1 ♂, same data, JP-167, JHP-268, ELKU -I-L-Bonin 000073 , ELKU • 1 ♂, Mt. Funaki-yama , 17.III.2023, LT, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • 2 ♂, Funakiyama , 11.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari, J. - H. Park & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 3 ♂, same locality, 17.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, J. - H. Park, N. Katsube, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 12 ♂ 3 ♀, Funakiyama chûfuku , 17.III.2023, LT, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Shin yûhigaoka , 7.XI.2022, LT, J. - H. Park, T. Hirowatari, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 2 ♂, same locality, 15.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, Y. Matsui, J. - H. Park, N. Katsube & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, 14.VI.2023, LT, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Nishiura , 21.VI.2022, LT, S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, same data, S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, S. Tomura, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, Minamizaki , 23.VI.2022, SW, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, Beating: dead leaves of Livistona chinensis var. boninensis , S. Tomura leg., ELKU • 4 ♂, 10–11.XI.2022, SW, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-177, JHP-121, ELKU • 1 ♀, Omoto bridge , 10.XI.2022, LT, J. - H. Park, T. Hirowatari & M. Kimura leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, Kitakoh , 17.VI.2023, LT, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU • [Iwoto Is.]: 1 ♂, 11.IV.2022, L 5, M. Kimura leg., JP-168, JHP-269, ELKU -I-L-Bonin 000105 , ELKU .

Diagnosis.

This species is externally similar to E. atririvis ( Meyrick, 1931) and E. charadrota Meyrick, 1880 but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the anterior 1 / 2 of the forewing is black from the base to basal 2 / 3 (the basal 2 / 5 is black with a white spot in E. atririvis , the black line is divided by a white line at the middle in E. charadrota ). The male genitalia are similar to those of E. chasmatias ( Meyrick, 1880) , but can be distinguished by the phallus: the phallus with a cluster of ~ 15 distinct cornuti (phallus with large curved cornuti in E. chasmatias ). The female genitalia are similar to those of E. trigonosema ( Turner, 1923) but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the ovipositor is relatively short, 2 × the length of segment VIII, and basal 1 / 5 of the ductus bursae is sclerotized (the ovipositor is relatively long, 4 × the length of segment VIII, and the ductus bursae is completely sclerotized in E. trigonosema ).

Additional description.

Measurements. Forewing length 6.5–8.2 mm (n = 5), antenna length 6.2–7.6 (n = 4) in male, forewing length 8.0–9.7 (n = 5), antenna length 7.1–7.7 (n = 3) in female. For more morphological information, see Moriuti and Kadohara (1994) and Yoshimatsu and Makihara (1995).

Distribution.

Japan (Chichijima Is., Hahajima Is., Iwoto Is.).

Biology.

The larvae feed on dead branches of Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold ( Lauraceae ) ( Yoshimatsu and Makihara 1995). Adults have been collected almost every month, except for February, August, October, and December, on the Ogasawara Islands ( Moriuti and Kadohara 1994).

DNA analyses.

The DNA barcode of a single specimen collected from Hahajima Island was completely matched to unidentified Arthropoda from British Indian Ocean Territory (Sequence ID: BIOT 386-24). The intraspecific pairwise distance of this species among Ogasawara Island populations was 0.00 % – 1.86 % (n = 12) (Suppl. material 2). The haplotype network was calculated and eight haplotypes were identified in 15 samples from Ogasawara Islands and Indo Ocean (Fig. 51 View Figure 51 ).

Remarks.

Most specimens were collected using a light trap. Rarely seen during the daytime. This species is considered endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, but, unexpectedly, it is currently collected only on inhabited islands. In addition, as the DNA barcode of this species was matched to an unknown Arthropoda from British Indian Ocean Territory, this species may also inhabit areas other than the Ogasawara Islands.