Phanacidini, Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015

Key to the genera of Phanacidini

Our review suggests that a new key to the genera of Phanacidini is warranted given limitations to the previously published key including genera of Phanacidini . The only published key including all four phanacidine genera is that of Melika (2006), in which genera of Phanacidini are interspersed within the genera of Aylacini sensu lato. Some characters in Melika’s key are contradictory or otherwise prevent accurate identification, particularly the wording of characters relating to the transverse pronotal impression characteristic of Phanacidini . The below key includes all four genera of Phanacidini , and correctly routes all known species of the likely polyphyletic genus Phanacis (see further discussion in below taxonomic treatments).

1 Antenna conspicuously longer than body length. Fore wing areolet absent. Female with 14 antennomeres. Galls in stems of Epilasia View in CoL ...................................................................... Zerovia Diakontschuk, 1988

1’ Antenna conspicuously shorter than body length. Fore wing areolet usually present ( Fig.10 View FIGURES 5–12 ). Female with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Galls on other hosts................................................................................... 2

2 Fore wing without conspicuous setae along distal margin ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 26–27 ). Head more or less entirely yellow-brown ( Figs. 18–19 View FIGURES 18–19 ). Fore wing marginal cell entirely open ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 26–27 ). Female antenna with 14 antennomeres ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 20–21 ). Galls in stems of Saussurea (Cardueae) View in CoL .................................................................. Diakontschukia Melika, 2006

2’ Fore wing with long setae along distal margin. Head usually dark rufous to black; rarely lighter rufous. Fore wing marginal cell partially or entirely closed. Female antenna with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Galls on other hosts......................... 3

3 Mesoscutum with well-developed transverse rugose sculpture (e.g., Figs. 23 View FIGURES 22–23 , 25 View FIGURES 24–25 ). Female antenna with 13 antennomeres. Fore wing marginal cell entirely closed. Galls in stems of Cousinia (Cardueae) View in CoL ..................... Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982

3’ Mesoscutum without transverse rugose sculpture; alutaceous, coriaceous, or reticulate. Female antenna with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Fore wing marginal cell usually partially closed ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 13–16 ); occasionally entirely open or closed. Galls on other hosts, especially several genera of Cichorieae; one species recorded from Lamiaceae View in CoL .............. Phanacis Förster, 1869 View in CoL