Proparrella darienensis, Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2024

Schwarzhans, Werner W. & Aguilera, Orangel A., 2024, Otoliths of the Gobiidae from the Neogene of tropical America, Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (13) 143 (1), pp. 1-129 : 45-47

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00302-5
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/492D87AA-FF87-FFCA-0236-FCB66398FA18
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Proparrella darienensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Proparrella darienensis n. sp.

Figure 23a–m View Fig

Holotype NMB P15565 View Materials ( Fig. 23a View Fig ), Tortonian, Tuira FM, Pacific Panama, Darien, PPP 1154 .

Paratypes 12 specimens: 9 specimens Tortonian: 3 specimens Angostura FM , Ecuador, 1 specimen PPP 3297 ( NMB P15572 View Materials ) , 2 specimens NMB 19301 View Materials ( NMB P15576- 77 View Materials ) ; 1 specimen Tuira FM , Pacific Panama, Darien, PPP 1163 ( NMB P15569 View Materials ) ; 2 specimens Yaviza FM , Pacific Panama, Darien, PPP 1566 ( NMB P15567-68 View Materials ) ; 3 specimens Gatun FM , Atlantic Panama, PPP 2168 ( NMB P15573-75 View Materials ) . 3 specimens Zanclean: 1 specimen Cubagua FM , above Cerro Negro Member , Venezuela, PPP 2568 ( NMB P15566 View Materials ) ; 2 specimens Cayo Agua FM , Atlantic Panama, PPP 1276 ( NMB P15570-71 View Materials ) .

Referred specimens 198 specimens: 183 specimens Tortonian : 11 specimens Angostura FM , Ecuador, 4 specimens PPP 3297 , 6 specimens PPP 3301 , 1 specimen PPP 3465 ; 15 specimens Tuira FM , Pacific Panama, Darien , 6 specimens PPP 1139 , 1 specimen PPP 1593 , 1 specimen PPP 1627 , 4 specimens PPP 1163 , 3 specimens PPP 1164 ; 64 specimens Yaviza FM , Pacific Panama, Darien , 6 specimens PPP 1607 , 1 specimen PPP 1609 , 2 specimens PPP 1528 , 1 specimen PPP 1145 , 3 specimens PPP 1620 , 36 specimens PPP 1171 , 4 specimens PPP 1565 , 11 specimens PPP 1566 ; 93 specimens Gatun FM , Atlantic Panama, PPP 2168 . 6 specimens Messinian : 1 specimen Chucunaque FM , Pacific Panama, Darien, PPP 1578 ; 3 specimens Manzanilla FM , Montserrat Member, Trinidad, PPP 2666 ; 2 specimens, La Tejita FM , Venezuela, Isla Margarita, PPP 3087 . 9 specimens Zanclean, Cubagua FM , above Cerro Negro Member, Venezuela , 3 specimens PPP 2568 , 6 specimens PPP 2571 .

Etymology After Darien, Province in Panama, from which the holotype originates and which has yielded so many fossil gobiid otoliths.

Diagnosis OL:OH = 1.04–1.1. Maximal size 2.0 mm. Otolith shape nearly quadratic with postdorsal region slightly elevated. Postdorsal rim with conspicuous narrow concavity behind postdorsal angle and before blunt, short postdorsal projection. Sulcus long, narrow, with low ostial lobe and long, narrow, straight, sometimes tapering cauda; OL:SuL = 1.5–1.75; sulcus inclination angle 12–18°. Subcaudal iugum moderately long, relatively narrow. Dorsal depression shifted dorsally, with straight lower margin and broad crista superior. Ventral furrow distinct, close to ventral rim of otolith.

Description Otolith size up to 2.0 mm in length (holotype 1.9 mm). OH:OT = 2.4–2.9. Dorsal rim anteriorly straight, ascending from high predorsal angle to slightly elevated postdorsal angle, followed by narrow, distinct postdorsal concavity just before narrow, blunt, short postdorsal projection. Preventral and postventral angles rounded, nearly orthogonal. Ventral rim straight to slightly bent, horizontal. Anterior and posterior rims nearly vertical or slightly inclined downward, posterior rim without or with shallow and broad indentation at its middle. All rims smooth.

Inner face slightly convex. Sulcus sole-shaped, relatively deep, inclined at 12–18°; ostium relatively wide but with moderate ostial lobe; cauda long, narrow, straight, sometimes with tapering tip. OL:SuL = 1.5–1.75. Subcaudal iugum moderately long, relatively narrow. Dorsal depression long, shifted dorsally, with straight lower margin and broad crista superior. Ventral furrow distinct, regularly curved and relatively close to ventral rim of otolith. Outer face broadly convex, smooth.

Discussion Proparrella darienensis is a common, widespread and relatively small species of the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene that is best recognized by the specific shape of the dorsal rim, the overall quadratic shape and the shape of the cauda.