Ctenogobius smaragdus (Valenciennes, 1837)

Ctenogobius smaragdus (Valenciennes, 1837) View in CoL

Figure 42k–o View Fig

Material 13 specimens Gelasian, Moin FM , Atlantic Costa Rica, PPP 3256 (figured specimens NMB P15822-23 View Materials ) .

Discussion Te fossil otoliths ( Fig. 42n–o View Fig ) placed here in C. smaragdus are smaller than the extant ones ( Fig. 42km View Fig ) studied. However, they show a very similar otolith shape, the ventral furrow closely approaching the anterior and posterior rims and a deepened sulcus with a well-developed ostial lobe and a rounded caudal tip, which we consider to be typical for the species.

(See figure on next page.)

Fig. 42 a–c View Fig Ctenogobius boleosoma ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1882), extant,TCWC 18306.13,Texas,Brazoria, SL 25, 27 and 29 mm. d–e Ctenogobius aff. boleosoma ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1882), Moin FM, Limón, Costa Rica, PPP 1772, NMB P15820-21. f–g Ctenogobius fasciatus Gill, 1858 , extant; f CAS

18574, 09°07’N 77°57’W, Panama, San Blas , Mosquito Bay; g TCWC 20534.10 View Materials GoogleMaps Trinidad and Tobago, SL 24 mm. h Ctenogobius manglicola ( Jordan & Starks , 1895), extant, USNM 407631 About USNM , 13°16’N 87°44’W. i–j Ctenogobius shufeldti ( Jordan & Eigenmann , 1887), extant, BMNH GoogleMaps 1985.6.30.37–39, Baia de Sepetiba, Brazil. k–o Ctenogobius smaragdus (Valenciennes, 1837) ; k–m extant, USNM 371772 About USNM , 23°02’N 80°03’W, mangrove swamp; n–o Moin GoogleMaps

FM, Limón, Costa Rica, PPP 3256,NMB P15822-23. p Ctenogobius stigmaticus (Poey, 1860) , extant, USNM 357714, Rio de Janeiro, SL 50 mm. q–t Ctenogobius sp.1 , Springvale FM, Trinidad, KR-1216,NMB P15824-27. u Ctenogobius sp.2 , Moin FM, Limón, Costa Rica, PPP 1772, NMB P15828. v–X Evorthodus lyricus (Girard, 1858) ,extant, BMNH 1980.9.22.48-51,Florida, Sebastian Inlet. y Evorthodus minutus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928 , extant,

USNM 408804 About USNM , 13°13’N 87°31’W GoogleMaps