Blumeodendron novoguineense Ottens & Welzen, 2016

6. Blumeodendron novoguineense Ottens & Welzen View in CoL , nom. nov. — Fig. 6a, b View Fig ; Map 5

Blumeodendron novoguineense Ottens & Welzen View in CoL (non B. papuanum Pax & K.Hoffm. ). — Bennettia papuana Gilg ( 13 Dec. 1918) 283, f. 6 ( Flacourtiaceae ); (1925) 443, f. 205. — Bennettiodendron papuanum (Gilg) Merr. (1927) 10. — Pimelodendron papuanum View in CoL auct.non Warb.: Sleumer (1954) 65; Djarwaningsih (2004) 413, p.p.: Bennetia papuana . — Type: Ledermann 8945 (holo B? lost; iso K, L), [Papua] New Guinea, Etappenberg. See Note 1.

Blumeodendron papuanum Pax & K.Hoffm. View in CoL ( 6June 1919)14; Airy Shaw (1963) 349. — Lectotype (designated here): Ledermann 9517 (K), New Guinea, Kaiser Wilhelmsland , Etappenberg. Other syntypes: Ledermann 8898, 9012, 9096 (K), New Guinea, Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Etappenberg.

Trees, to 40 m high, bole to 33 m high, dbh to 53 cm; bole sometimes fluted or with low buttresses up to 1.5 m high, out 0.6–2 m, 3–10 cm thick; flowering branches 2–3 mm diam, generally round, with orange lepidote hairs, early glabrescent, long internodes up to 8.5 cm. Outer bark red-brown to grey-brown to dark brown to brownish black, smooth to pustular lenticellate, not fissured nor peeling to little peeling with small to large scales, 0.25–0.5 mm thick; under bark wine-red; inner bark yellow to yellowish brown to red to light to dark brown, 3–12 mm thick; sapwood white to orange-brown to reddish brown to light brown; heartwood light brown to black. Leaves on hardly widened nodes at end of short nodes, alternate to subopposite to in pseudo-whorls of 3; petiole 1–4.1 cm long, diam of thinnest part 0.8–1.2 mm, round, basal pulvinus 1.3–2 mm diam, fast fading orange lepidote hairs; blade (ovate to) elliptic, 5.3–17.5 by 2.5–9 cm, length/width ratio 1.5–2.6, pergamentaceous to coriaceous, symmetric, glabrous, base (broadly) cuneate, margin recurved, apex acuminate, tip rounded, extrafloral nectaries on both surfaces along midrib, 2 to many, along margin several, both surfaces smooth, mid to dark green when fresh, dull and lighter beneath, drying brownish green, slightly darker brown underneath; venation slightly raised on both sides, marginal vein indistinct, secondary nerves pinnate, 5–8 pairs, sometimes very parallel, at c. 52° angle with midrib, tertiary nerves more or less scalariform, perpendicular to midrib, higher order nerves indistinct, reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, mostly single, staminate rachises up to 9.5 cm long, 1–1.3 mm diam, pistillate ones up to 3 cm long in flower, up to 9 cm when in fruit, 1–1.5 mm diam, thickening during fruit set to c. 2 mm; bracts vestigial; flowers single per node (young additional buds can be present when staminate). Staminate flowers c. 7.5 mm diam, white, sweet scented; pedicel 2–5 mm long, 0.8–1 mm diam; sepals 3–4, ovate, 3.8–5 by 2.5–3.5 mm, green to yellow; disc lobes yellow; stamens c. 40, filaments 3–8.3 mm long, white, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long. Pistillate flowers 3.8–6 mm diam, green; pedicel c. 3.3 mm long; sepals 3–5, triangular, 1.6–3.1 by 1.4–2 mm, recurved; ovary 2(–3)-locular, ellipsoid, c. 3 by 3 mm; style c. 0.8 mm long, sturdy, stigmas 2–5 mm long, recurved. Fruits capsular, flattened obovoid, angular (perhaps not ripe yet) with often slightly raised suture, 2–2.9 cm wide by 2–2.9 cm high; pedicel c. 3 mm long, abscission zone subbasally; wall 1–1.8 mm thick, brown when dry, surface somewhat rugose; endocarp enclosing all seeds; stigma mostly persistent. Seeds bean-like to flattened at one side, c. 1.9 by 1.3 by 1 cm, attached in middle, black.

Distribution — New Guinea.

Habitat & Ecology — Lowland rain forest to Araucaria -Anisoptera forest at higher altitudes; soil: clayey, sandy clay, loam, broken lava, can be inundated in the wet season. Altitude: 8– 800 m. Flowering: March–June, August, September, November; fruiting: January, March, July–September, November, December.

Vernacular names — New Guinea: Papua: New Guinea:Arom (Hattam); Kem (Mooi); Lowkwa (Manikiong); Manaper/Man- apper/Manapir (Biak); Moe-e (Tor); Moentawiempi, Moen- tawinakpopi (Roberbai, Japen dialect); Moëre (Wain); Mwer (Berik); Sehoi/Sohoi (Manikiong); Tabet (Moejoe); Tajapmoetop (Mandobo); Wobbrijka (Manikiong); Wonsoka (Arfak, Sidai dialect); Papua New Guinea: Akop; He-arahai (Mangalese, Bariji dialect).

Wood — Sapwood not defined from heartwood,white to strawcoloured, close grained, medium hard to hard, medium heavy to heavy. Pores few, small, visible to naked eye, short radial chains. Rays fine, barely visible to the naked eye. Parenchyma in numerous fine bands. ( NGF (Mair) 547; NGF (Havel & Kairo) 17205).

Notes — 1. The epithet papuana by Gilg is the oldest one on species level, however, within Blumeodendron the combination already existed ( B. papuanum Pax & K.Hoffm ; Pax & Hoffmann 1919). Therefore, Gilg’s name has to receive a new name within Blumeodendron even in spite of the fact that B. papuanum Pax & K.Hoffm. is the same species.

2. This species closely resemblances B. tokbrai , but differs in the size and form of the fruits, smaller (2–2.9 by 2–2.9 cm vs 2.3–4.8 by 2.3–4.1 cm) and often angular and with slightly thickened sutures (vs round, without thickened sutures), the thickness of the fruit wall is thinner ( 1–1.8 mm vs 4–7 mm) and the presence of broader sepals in the pistillate ( 1.4–2 mm vs 0.5–1.1 mm) and staminate flowers (2.5–3.5 by 1–2 mm). Moreover, the leaves of B. novoguineense usually dry brownish green, which also occurs in B. tokbrai , but most dry leaves of B. tokbrai are dark brown.