Blumeodendron endocarpum Ottens & Welzen, 2016

3. Blumeodendron endocarpum Ottens & Welzen View in CoL , sp. nov. — Fig. 3 View Fig ; Map 2

Resembling B. subrotundifolium in short inflorescences and alternate to subopposite leaves, differing in leaves chartaceous (to coriaceous), drying greenish brown,very short pistillate pedicels and most of all,a thick endocarp around every seed, not around the seeds together. — Type: BW ( Kalkman) 6282 (holo L), [ Indonesia, Papua,] Div. W. New Guinea, Beriat , c. 12 km S of Teminaboean.

Blumeodendron kurzii auct. non (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.: Airy Shaw (1980) 37.

(Shrubs to) trees, to 40 m high, bole to 18 m high, dbh to 40 cm diam; buttresses sometimes present, to 1.5 m high, to 1.5 m wide, 4–10 cm thick; flowering branches 2–3 mm diam, lenticellate, generally round, flat near petioles, distance between internodes usually c. 6 cm. Indumentum : simple hairs absent. Outer bark (light) (greyish) brown to dark brown to dark grey, smooth to shallowly fissured, strongly peeling with large scales, 0.25–0.5 mm thick; inner bark white, creamy, yellowish brown, orange to (light) brown, 4–5 mm thick; exudate sometimes present, light brown; sapwood white, pink or light brown; heartwood orange-brown to (light) brown, 5–12 cm diam. Leaves alternate to subopposite; petiole 2.3–9 cm long, diam of thinnest part 1–2 mm, basal pulvinus 1.5–4.1 mm diam; blade elliptic, 11.2–31 by 4.6–13.9 cm, length/width ratio 1.8–3, blade length/petiole length ratio 4.4–4.8, pergamentaceous (to coriaceous), often basally slightly asymmetric, glabrous, base broadly cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, revolute, apex acuminate (to cuspidate), tip round, both surfaces smooth, glabrous, green above, glossy light green to greyish green underneath; above drying greenish brown and brownish green underneath (greener than abaxially), extrafloral nectaries 2 adaxially near base, along midrib 6–15, along margin 8–36; venation: marginal nerve indistinct, secondary nerves (5–)6(–8) pairs, at c. 51.1° angle with midrib, tertiary nerves perpendicular to midrib and secondary nerves, not raised on both sides, c. 0.8 cm apart, higher order nerves reticulate, not raised on both sides. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, staminate ones mostly 2 per axil, thyrsoid, erect, to 2 cm long, with lepidote hairs. Staminate flowers 8–9 mm diam, white to (pale) yellow(-green); buds 14–30 per inflorescence; pedicel 8.5–17 mm long; sepals 3, ovate, c. 6 by 3 mm; stamens 35–43, filaments 4–5.5 mm long, anthers 0.5–1.1 mm long. Pistillate flowers only seen as young fruits; almost sessile, pedicel c. 2 mm long; ovary 2-locular; style c. 1 mm long; stigmas c. 5 mm long. Fruits flattened ellipsoid, slightly emarginate in the middle; 3.5 (1-seeded)–6 (2-seeded) cm wide by 3.6 (1-seeded)–3.9 (2-seeded) cm high, dry dull brown to whitish, vein ridges absent or indistinct; pedicel thickened up to 0.6 cm diam; exocarp woody, c. 1 mm thick; surface smooth; endocarp around every seed, thickened to c. 4 mm, not dehiscing. Seeds flattened ovoid, backside more flattened than front side, top emarginate, 2.1–2.3 by 2.1–2.2 by 1.6–1.8 cm; sarcotesta thin, with distinct veins, testa woody, hard.

Distribution — Sulawesi ( Sulawesi Utara), Moluccas (Buru) and New Guinea (Indonesian Papua).

Habitat & Ecology — Primary forest, seldom young secondary forest, along rivers and on slopes; soil mainly clay to sandy clay to sandy loam, never inundated.Altitude: 5– 730 m. Flowering: February, March, September, October, December; fruiting: April, March, June–August, October–December.

Vernacular names — New Guinea (Papua): Bobrijka, Sa- gogwo, Sagowgwo, Wobbrijka (Manikiong); Embaam, Embaan, M’baan (Itam); Josevakan (Tehid); Saba, Sawa (Mooi); Tiek (Kebar); Wotiet (Wandammen).

Note — Most typical of this species is a thick, woody endocarp around every seed instead around all seeds.