Dicranota ( Eudicranota ) distincta Podenas, 2025

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) distincta Podenas sp. nov.

Figs 19–20 View Figures 19, 20 , 21–24 View Figures 21–24 , 81 View Figures 77–93

Type material

(Fig. 81 View Figures 77–93 ). South Korea • Holotype ♂ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 24 April 2015 (4); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps . Paratypes • 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26586°N, 127.58090°E; alt. 448 m; 27 April 2012 (2); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 2 ♂ (pinned, genitalia of 1 ♂ in microvial with glycerol on same pin); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri ; 35.26137°N, 127.60302°E; alt. 431 m; 29 April 2012 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Sannae-myeon, Deokdong-ri ; 35.33692°N, 127.53230°E; alt. 727 m; 7 May 2013 (5); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♀ (in ethanol), 1 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26580°N, 127.58128°E; alt. 378 m; 10 May 2013; S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 13 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol), 1 ♂ (pinned); Gyeongsangnam-do, Hamyang, Macheon-myeon, Samjeong-ri ; 35.35880°N, 127.63672°E; alt. 692 m; 11 May 2013 (2); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 5 ♂ (in ethanol); Gyeongsangnam-do, Hamyang, Macheon-myeon, Samjeong-ri ; 35.34243°N, 127.64102°E; alt. 705 m; 11 May 2013 (4); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 2 ♂ (pinned), 4 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 24 April 2015 (4); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 17 ♂, 2 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 27 April 2015 (2); S. Podenas leg.; net; Genbank No. PQ 590791 (215 bp), PQ 590792 (398 bp); NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26590°N, 127.58096°E; alt. 446 m; 28 April 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 25 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.28589°N, 127.55605°E; alt. 773 m; 30 April 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27448°N, 127.56378°E; alt. 593 m; 1 May 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (in ethanol, wing of 1 ♀ slide mounted); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 3 May 2015 (2); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps .

Other examined material.

South Korea • 1 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurve, Masan-myeon, Hwangjeon-ri ; 35.24366°N, 127.48964°E; alt. 101 m; 8 May 2013 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps ; • 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Gyeongsangnam-do, Sancheong, Sicheon-myeon, Jungsan-ri ; 35.30996°N, 127.75163°E; alt. 709 m; 9 May 2013 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

Pale yellow species with slightly darkened basal abdominal tergites. Wing translucent, milky with indistinct darker areas surrounding cross-veins, stigma missing. Gonocoxite of male terminalia with narrow subapical cone-shaped lobe on medio-dorsal surface, small subapical setose bump on dorso-lateral surface, small gonostylus and distinct strong darkened horn-shaped paramere.

Etymology.

Species is named after that to which it is most closely related, Dicranota perdistincta , and because the most reliable character for its discrimination is the distinct horn- or spine-shaped paramere.

Description.

General body colouration brownish to pale yellow (Figs 19 View Figures 19, 20 , 20 View Figures 19, 20 ). Body length of male 5.8 mm, of female ~ 7.3–7.5 mm. Wing length of male 6.1–7.3 mm, of female 6.6–7.1 mm.

Head. Grey dorsally, paler grey along eye margin, yellowish grey posteriorly, obscure yellow ventrally, covered with sparse yellowish setae. Eyes widely separated, distance between them at base of antenna exceeds length of scape in both sexes. Antenna 0.9 mm long in male, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum if bent backwards, 1.1 mm in female. Scape yellowish grey, elongate, pedicel oval, yellowish grey, covered with dark brown setae. Flagellum 12 - segmented, light grey, slightly darker at distal end, basal flagellomere oval, 2–5 flagellomeres subglobular, remaining segments oval, decreasing in length towards apex, apical flagellomere approximately as long as preceding. Longest verticils slightly exceed length of respective flagellomeres. Rostrum obscure yellow, palpus greyish yellow covered with short dark brown setae. Labellum pale greyish yellow.

Thorax. Pale brownish yellow, covered with sparse greyish pruinosity. Cervical sclerites pale yellow. Pronotum pale, covered with few erect whitish setae. Presutural scutum pale greyish yellow with three indistinct stripes. Stripes not much darker than surrounding area, but they are semi-polished and not covered with pruinosity. Area around stripes covered with bluish grey pruinosity. Tubercular pit missing, pseudosutural fovea indistinct. Prothoracic spiracle surrounded by whitish membrane. Scutal lobe with pale yellow semi-polished area in the middle, margins covered with greyish pruinosity, area between scutal lobes and scutellum whitish. Mediotergite pale. Pleuron pale brownish yellow dorsally, turning totally pale ventrally. Wing (Figs 21 View Figures 21–24 , 22 View Figures 21–24 ) elongate, length / width ratio 3.5, widest slightly before tip of vein CuP, milky, iridescent. Stigma missing. Narrow darker brown areas surround sc-r, tip of Sc, base of Rs, R 2 and supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1, cross-veins r-m and m-cu, distal margin of discal cell. Veins greyish brown to slightly grey and pale at wing base. Venation: Sc long, reaching wing margin slightly before level of supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1, sc-r far before the level of Rs base or tip of anal vein, approximately at the middle between humeral vein and base of radial sector. Rs long, slightly> 4 × as long as cross-vein m-cu, usually arcuate at base, but could be also angulate and short spurred. Free end of R 1 very short or missing, reaching wing margin together with R 2. Vein R 2 nearly transverse, supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1 beyond or at the same level as branching point of R 4 + 5. R 3, R 4, and R 5 nearly parallel to each other. Cell r 3 without stem, R 2 + 3 starting slightly before or at same point as r-m, cell r 4 with short stem, cell itself 3.5–4.6 × as long as its stem. Cross-vein r-m distinct, discal cell large, ~ 2.4 × as long as wide, in rare occasions open by atrophy of vein m-m. Cell m 1 short, its stem ≥ 1.3 × as long as cell itself. Cross-vein m-cu at or slightly beyond branching point of M. Veins CuP and A 1 nearly straight just slightly arched before wing margin. Anal angle widely rounded. No brachypterous females were observed. Halter long, its length nearly reaches that of thorax. Length of male halter 1.1–1.2 mm, of female 1.0– 1.2 mm. Stem of halter pale with yellowish base, basal half of knob milky, distal part slightly infuscate. Coxae obscure yellow to pale yellow, depending on specimen. Trochanters of fore and middle legs pale greyish yellow, trochanter of hind leg pale or pale yellow. Femora pale greyish yellow with slightly infuscate distal part. Tibiae greyish yellow with widely darkened distal margin. Basitarsi brownish with darker brown distal end and pale base, remaining tarsomeres dark brown. Male femur I: 3.3–3.8 mm long, II: 4.0 mm, III: 4.0– 4.4 mm, tibia I: 3.4–3.8 mm, II: 3.2–3.4 mm, III: 3.7–4.1 mm, tarsus I: 4.2–5.2 mm, II: 3.6–3.9 mm, III: 3.8–4.6 mm. Female femur I: 3.3–4.0 mm long, II: 3.8 mm, III: 4.0– 4.5 mm, tibia I: 3.0 mm, II: 2.9 mm, III: 2.9–3.8 mm, tarsus I: 3.3 mm, II: 2.8 mm, III: 2.9–3.7 mm. Claw small and simple, without spines.

Abdomen. Obscure yellow. Three basal tergites dark grey medially, margins of darkening vague, lateral margins widely yellow. Remaining tergites and sternites pale yellow, but sclerites are so thin that blackish inner content of guts is visible through and gives dark appearance of the whole abdomen in museum specimens. Abdomen covered with sparse semierect yellowish setae. Male terminalia (Fig. 23 View Figures 21–24 ) pale yellow, sometimes with weak greyish shade. Posterior margin of epandrium protuberant postero-medially, postero-lateral angle with long blade-shaped lobe, tip of which extended into narrow pale slightly curved caudal lobule. Whole posterior margin of epandrium widely covered with long setae. Gonocoxite elongate, slightly arched, ~ 2.4 × as long as wide, with narrow conical subapical lobe on medio-dorsal surface and small subapical rounded setose bump on dorso-lateral surface. One pair of gonostyli. Gonostylus subglobular with indistinctly protuberant dorsal part (rostrum) covered with long setae. Distal (caudal) part of gonostylus covered with numerous black peg-like spines. Aedeagus short, not visible in dorsal view. Paramere strong, horn-shaped, slightly curved, wider basally, brown to dark brown. Posterior segments of female abdomen generally yellow, concolourous with the rest of abdomen. Tenth tergite pale, cercus greyish yellow with pale yellow distal part, apex acute, slightly raised upwards. Hypogynial valve straight, pale yellow with brownish yellow base. Three spermathecae small, drop-shaped (Fig. 24 View Figures 21–24 ).

Elevation.

From circa 350 m to nearly 800 m.

Period of activity.

From late April to middle of May.

Habitats.

Larva unknown. Adults fly close to small fast-running springs, small and medium sized mountainous streams running through rocks, covered with mosses or algae. Usually these streams are surrounded by mixed forests or just pine grooves, with sparse grassy vegetation on the ground.

Distribution.

Currently known only from South Korea.

Remarks.

Dichranota distincta Podenas , sp. nov. is most similar and related to D. perdistincta . Both species occur in southern Korea. Calculated genetic distance of mt COI between D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. and D. perdistincta is> 5 %. Presutural scutum of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. with three indistinct longitudinal stripes, when that of D. perdistincta with indistinct medial darkening, lateral stripe missing. Wing of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. is comparatively narrower with length / width ratio 3.5, when that of D. perdistincta is 3.1. Some females of D. perdistincta are brachypterous, but we never observed brachypterous females of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. Cell m 1 of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. is shorter than its stem, distinctly longer, except in brachypterous females, in D. perdistincta . Other wing venation characters are variable in both species and cannot be used for species discrimination, for example, Rs is usually arcuate in D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. and angulate with short spur in D. perdistincta , but some specimens of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. could be with angulate Rs base, and some specimens of D. perdistincta arcuate. Despite some differences in body colouration, the most distinct characters for species identification are found in male terminalia. Lobe on meso-dorsal surface of gonocoxite narrow, situated subapically in D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov., large and close to the middle in D. perdistincta . D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. has small setose subapical bump on dorso-lateral surface, that area is covered with long dense setae, but bump is missing in D. perdistincta . Especially distinct is the strong horn-shaped, darkened paramere of D. distincta Podenas , sp. nov. while that of D. perdistincta is more graceful and terminating in a rod-shaped tip.