Phytomyza doronici Hering

Phytomyza doronici Hering View in CoL

( Figs. 71–73 View FIGURES 68–73 , 256–265 View FIGURES 256–261 View FIGURES 262–265 )

Material examined. Ukraine: Transcarpathia: near Lukh, 47°56'20"N 24°06'40"E, 12–15.v.2018, Yu. Guglya, ex Doronicum austriacum (3 puparia); Ivano-Frankivsk Region: near Zarosliak, 1400 m a. s. l., 48°10'10"N 24°31'24"E, 19–21.viii.2021 —pupation outside the mine, Yu. Guglya, ex Doronicum austriacum (2 puparia); foothills of Brescul Mt., 1370 m a. s. l., 48°09'N 24°31'E, 30–31.viii.2022 —pupation outside the mine, 3.ii.2023 — imago, Yu. Guglya, ex Doronicum austriacum (1♂ 3 puparia).

In addition empty mines on Doronicum austriacum were collected in the Ukrainian Carpathians and preserved in the herbarium: Transcarpathia: 32 km NNE Tiachiv, 48°17'N, 23°43'E, 19.vii.2017 GoogleMaps ; “ Peremychka ” tourist parking, 1530 m a. s. l., 48°09'34"N 24°28'06"E, 16.viii.2021 GoogleMaps ; spruce-beech forest between “ Peremychka ” and “ Bilyi ”, 1400 m a. s. l., 48°08'29"N 24°28'51"E, 31.viii.2018 GoogleMaps ; spruce-beech forest near foothills of Turkul Mt. , 1210 m a. s. l., 48°06'37"N 24°29'59"E, 01.ix.2018 GoogleMaps ; Ivano-Frankivsk Region: foothills of Pip Ivan Chornohorski Mt. , 1340 m a. s. l., 48°03'24"N 24°35'51"E, 13.viii.2019 GoogleMaps ; foothills of Dantsyzh Mt. , 1460 m a. s. l., 48°08'04"N 24°32'52"E, 3.ix.2018 GoogleMaps ; foothills of Turkul Mt. , 1520 m a. s. l., 48°07'09"N 24°30'27"E, 24.viii.2022 GoogleMaps .

Hosts. Asteraceae : Doronicum austriacum Jacq. , D. columna Tenore , D. pardalianches L. ( Griffiths 1974), D. grandiflorum Lam. ( Ellis 2017) .

Mine. ( Fig. 71 View FIGURES 68–73 ) The solitary larva forms a yellow linear upper surface leaf mine, with small grains of frass arranged along the mine margin. Pupation takes place outside the mine.

Puparium. ( Figs. 72, 73 View FIGURES 68–73 ) Black, glossy, 2.8 mm long, with distinct segmentation; surface quite smooth except for narrow bands of fine spines between all segments. Posterior spiracles set flat on the body cuticle and entirely separate; black with 18–19 fine sessile bulbs in an elliptical configuration. Two small round appendages developed right above anal plate. Anal plate slightly protruding ventro-posteriorly viewed from the side. Larva described in Beiger (1973).

Cephalopharingeal skeleton. ( Fig. 260 View FIGURES 256–261 ) Right mouthhook larger dorsally than the left, both with ventro-anterior portion acute, abducted ventro-anteriorly. Mouthhooks bear two sharp accessory teeth that are uniformly curved and directed ventrally; dorsal teeth are larger than ventral. Mouthhooks and intermediate sclerite are strongly sclerotized, dorsal and ventral cornua much less so. Intermediate sclerite slightly curved; with three sharp teeth on posterior third of ventral margin that are directed ventro-posteriorly. Dorsal cornu relatively wide, uniformly sclerotized; ventral cornu very weakly sclerotized. Indentation index 85.

Male head. ( Figs. 256, 257 View FIGURES 256–261 ) Bicolour, with fronto-orbital plate, frons, gena, ventral face margin and labellum yellow, lunule dark yellow and pprn, ocellar tubercle, areolae of ors, antennae, face and palpi brown; iv s located between yellow and brown ground, ov s on brown ground; 1 st fl large, ovate, with long thick pale pubescence; fronto-orbital plate visible laterally; 2 ors, 1 ori; lunule of medium height, broad, semicircular, reaching the level of lower ors; gena medially 0.27× as high as maximum height of eye.

Wing. ( Fig. 258 View FIGURES 256–261 ) Hyaline with greyish undertone; costal vein ochraceous, ending on R 4+5; second cross vein absent; calypter dirty yellow, margin orange, fringe black. Wing length 3.0 mm.

Mesonotum, scutellum. ( Fig. 259 View FIGURES 256–261 ) Mesonotum ash-grey, with a slightly shining viewed from above; spal s located on the border of grey and pale yellow ground; 1+3 dc s, strong, with setae becoming longer posteriorly; acr s elongate, arranged in 3–4 irregular rows. Scutellum ash-grey with pale yellow patches latero-anteriorly of the b sctl s. All femora, 2 nd and 3 rd tibiae and tarsi dark brown with wide pale yellow knees, 1 st tibia and tarsi yellowish-brown.

Male genitalia. ( Figs. 261–265 View FIGURES 256–261 View FIGURES 262–265 ) Epandrium subovate; hypandrium V-shaped, with narrow arms, 0.5× as wide as width of pregonite. Pregonite rectangular, more weakly sclerotized, bearing two long strong setae near the inner basal corner viewed from below. Postgonite large, elongated, 3.0× as long as its maximum width, with set at a distance widened lobe located apically. Ejaculatory apodeme small, with triangular, weakly sclerotized blade; base well sclerotized, narrow, bearing long and narrow finger-shaped appendage posteriorly. Basiphallus and hypophallus strongly sclerotized, distiphallus and paramesophalli weakly so. Basiphallus long, 2.8× as long as distiphallus, with narrow asymmetrical waved lamellae; each lamellae bearing a group of small and medium spines anteriorly (right group not seen from below). Hypophallus arcuate, long viewed from below. Paramesophalli Y-shaped. Tubules of distiphallus widened and less sclerotized anteriorly viewed from the side and below. Male terminalia viewed from the side depicted in Beiger (1978) without verbal description.

Distribution. Germany, Poland, Spain, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, The Netherland ( Ellis 2017). Ukraine (first record).

Comments. This rare European species is common in the Ukrainian Carpathians where it concludes with its host plant Doronicum austriacum (own observations). The earliest empty mines were collected on 10 May and the latest occupied mines were collected on 27 August. Presumably, two or three generations develop during the year. The larva of P. doronici forms mines similar to mines of P. aronici described by Nowakowski (1962) from the Tatra Mountains. Both species develop in leaves of Doronicum species, and the morphology of puparia, wing, cephalopharyngeal skeleton and phallus shape are similar. Superficially P. aronici can be easily different from P. doronici in heaving 4 frontoorbital setae, black thorax, matt mesonotum, blackish-brown margin of calypter. Additionally only the 1 st knee is pale.