Passiflora

Key to six currently recognized subgenera of Passiflora View in CoL

1 Plants dioecious, with differences in the size of the gynoecium and/or androecium and/or in the number of parts of the gynoecium and presence/absence of nectariferous disk between plants of different sexes; hypanthium flat, petals and sepals (3)4 or (4)5, stamens 4 ( P. tetrandra ) or variable number, (3) 4–5 in P. aurantioides (K.Schum.) Krosnick or 6–8 in P. kuranda Krosnick & A.J.Ford , bracts 2, minute; leaves simple, entire, ocelli present; pollen 6-colporate, polar area very small, amb subcircular. Species exclusively native to Oceania .............................. Tetrapathea (DC.) P.S.Green – Plants monoecious; nectariferous disk absent and / or present, hypanthium flat to tubular, petals and sepals 5 (petals rarely absent), stamens 5, bracts (2)3, minute to foliaceous; leaves simple or compound, lobed or entire, ocelli present or not; pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 6-syncolporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, polar area very small, small or large, amb circular, subcircular to subtriangular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ............................... 2

2 Tendrils branched; leaves simple, entire, ocelli absent; hypanthium shortly campanulate to campanulate; pollen 6-syncolporate or 6-colporate, amb subcircular or subtriangular. Species exclusively native to the Americas ............................................................................. Tryphostemmatoides (Harms) Killip

– Tendrils simple (rarely absent); leaves simple or compound, entire or lobed, ocelli present or absent; hypanthium shortly campanulate to campanulate, cylindrical to cylindrical-campanulate or funnelform; pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, amb circular to subtriangular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania .................................................. 3

3 Leaves simple, entire, ocelli absent; petiolar glands 2, sessile, concave, near or at the apex or at the junction with the leaf blade on the abaxial surface; styles 3; pollen 6-colporate, colpi short or long, endoapertures lalongate. Species exclusively native to the Americas ........... Astrophea (DC.) Mast.

– Leaves simple or compound, lobed or entire, ocelli present or absent; petiolar glands (0)2–many, sessile or stipulate, never on the abaxial surface; styles 3(4); pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, colpi long, endoapertures often lolongate or absent or lalongate or circular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ............................................................... 4

4 Leaves simple and entire with tendrils bearing an adhesive disk or leaves 3- or 5–7(9)-compound; ocelli absent; styles/stigmas 4; pollen 6-colporate, colpi narrow, amb subcircular or subtriangular. Species exclusively native to the Americas ......................................... Deidamioides (Harms) Killip

– Leaves simple, lobed or entire, tendrils without adhesive disk (present only in P. obovata Killip ex Standl. ); ocelli present or absent; styles/stigmas 3; pollen grains 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, colpi narrow or wide, amb circular or subcircular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ......................................................................................................... 5

5 Stipules foliaceous (rarely minute); petiolar glands (0)2–many; bracts well developed, often verticillate (rarely minute or alternate); hypanthium campanulate, cylindrical, cylindrical-campanulate, funnelform, or flat; corona 1–many-seriate, whitish, purple, violet, pink, red, or a combination of these colors; operculum smooth (plicate in the series Kermesinae ), entire or filamentous at the apex; pollen 6-colpate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, endoapertures absent. Species exclusively native to the Americas ............................................................................................................... Passiflora L.

– Stipules minute (rarely foliaceus); petiolar glands 2 or absent; bracts minute, alternate; hypanthium flat, very rarely campanulate or tapered; corona 1–2-seriate, whitish or banded red or purple, operculum plicate; pollen 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate, endoapertures often lolongate or lalongate or circular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ........................................... Decaloba (DC.) Rchb.

Using morphological and palynological characters ( Figs 2–12 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig ) and published data, it was possible to construct descriptions (detailed below) and determine the distribution of species within subgenera (Supp. file 2). A total of 615 currently accepted species were listed, including 3 additions to the reference list, 48 synonyms, 30 unpublished names, 1 dubious name, 6 new combinations (taxa not currently at species status), and 3 hybrids excluded (Supp. file 2).