Oxalis hepatica Norlind (1915: 14

4. Oxalis hepatica Norlind (1915: 14 View in CoL , lam. 3, fig. 3). Type ( lectotype designated by Lourteig 1983: 51, first-step; secondstep designated here):— BRAZIL. Paraná: Itaperussu, 18 November 1908, P. Dusén 7073 (S-R-9771 [web]! Image of the lectotype available at https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.s-r-9771; isolectotypes:S-13- 11602 [web]!, S-13-11603 [web]!, K000531580 [web]!) (figs. 6, 9).

Stoloniferous herb. Stem slender, up to ca. 70 cm long, reddish, glabrous or with hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, patent, occasional; internodes 1.5–10.2 cm long, nodes radicant. Stipules ca. 3.5 × 2 mm, semicircular, connate to the petiole, hairs ca. 1 mm long, sparse, purplish; petioles 5–28 cm long; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, patent, moderate to abundant; longer hairs ca. 0.6 mm long, patent, occasional, with apex purplish; pulvina ca. 1 mm long, hair ca. 1 mm long, patent, moderate. Leaf blades 1.1–3.1 × 1.2–3.1 cm, coriaceous, widely depressed obovate to very widely obovate, discolorous, adaxial surface dark green, abaxial purplish, the base cuneate, the apex rounded or truncate, sometimes retuse, glabrescent; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, appressed, occasional on both surfaces; longer hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, appressed, sparse along veins on both surfaces, abundant at margin. Dichasia with 8 flowers, shorter than the leaves; peduncle 1–6.7 (11) cm long; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, patent, moderate to abundant; longer and glandular hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, patent, occasional; bracts 1–4 × 0.5–1 mm, lanceolate, hairs ca. 0.3 mm long, patent, sparse; bracteoles 1–2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, lanceolate. Pedicels 1–14 mm long; sepals 3–4 × 1 mm, reddish, base rounded, apex acute, short hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, moderate to abundant, longer and glandular ca. 0.3 mm long, patent, occasional to sparse; petals yellow, 9–11 mm long, spatulate, the apex crenate-denticulate, adaxially with glandular hairs sparse; shorter stamens ca. 4 mm long, glabrous, longer hairs ca. 6 mm long, hairs ascending; mid-styled pistil ca. 5 mm long, hairs ascending, abundant, stigmas papillose. Capsules 4–5(6) × 4–5 mm., very widely ovoid, 5-lobed, hairs ca. 1 mm long, ascending and patent, abundant. Seeds 1 per locule, ca. 2.9 × 2.1 mm, widely elliptic to elliptic, the base rounded, the apex acute, surface crested.

Distribution and habitat: —This species is endemic to Curitiba area, where it is always associated to forests dominated by Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze , regarded as mixed ombrophilous forests ( IBGE 2012).

Phenology: —Flowers and fruits have been collected from September to December.

Conservation status: —The habitat of the species is severly threatened, because Araucaria forests remain in good state of conservation for about only 1% of its original cover. It has been historically sampled in four localities in the surroundings of Curitiba ( Paraná state), but at least one of these was probably extinct due to recent urban expansion. It has never been recorded at protected areas. Due to its EOO = 581 km ² and AOO = 16 km ², with the original habitat severely fragmented, and with an observed decline in extent of occurrence and habitat quality, we recommend its categorization as Endangered [EN B1B2a,b(iii)].

Nomenclatural notes: — Norlind (1915: 14) originally reported two gatherings, i.e. Dusén 7073 and 7140. Lourteig (1983: 51) carried out a lectotypification indicating Dusén 7073 as the “ holotype ” (Art. 9.10) (she did not mention the collection Dusén 7140). We traced four specimens of Dusén 7073, three at S (S-R-9771, S-13-11602, S-13-11603) and one at K (K000531580) (cf. Art. 9.22). To narrow the choice to a single specimen, a second-step typification is proposed following Art. 9.17 of ICN. The specimen S-R9771 fits unequivocally the original description and was selected as the second-step lectotype for bearing the best-preserved branch, with leaves of different sizes.

Taxonomic notes: — Oxalis hepatica is similar to Oxalis bifrons , from which it can be distinguished by being glabrescent plants (vs. with moderate hairs in O. bifrons ), with up to 8-flowered (vs. up to 13-flowered) inflorescences and leaflets with the abaxial surface purplish (vs. light green in O. bifrons ).

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Araucária , 12 August 1951, L . Camargo s.n. ( SP56306 ); Curitiba, Bacacheri , 13 October 1970, G . Hatschbach 24919 ( MBM, P); 2 December 1970, G . Hatschbach 25726 ( MBM, P); Tijucas do Sul, Lagoinha , estrada para Saltinho, 2 September 1986, G . Hatschbach 50997 ( MBM, MO [web], P, US [web]) ; 25°55’2.68’’S, 49°13’3.65’’W, 30 September 2016, A GoogleMaps . Nuernberg et al.1800 ( FLOR) .