Hainanphasma diaoluoshanensis Ho, 2013

Hainanphasma diaoluoshanensis Ho, 2013 View in CoL

Figs 9 View Figure 9 , 10 D – F View Figure 10

Hainanphasma diaoluoshanensis Ho, 2013: 203: figs 7–9, 11, 14, 16. View in CoL

Material examined.

China • 1 ♀ 1 ♂; Hainan Province, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve ; 20 Aug. 2023; Yifan Liu leg.; SICAHN 23038 • 2 ♀; Hainan Province, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve ; 9 Jul. 2024; Yifan Liu leg.; SICAHN 24041 (all deposited in SICAU).

Revised diagnosis.

Smallest in size compared to other species of Hainanphasma .

Females can be separated from the other species by the following combination of characters: Armature of head small; supra-orbitals present; eighth abdominal tergum wider than long; posteromedian crest on ninth abdominal tergum small, not reaching posterior margin of anal segment; legs with indistinct carinae.

Males can be separated from the other species by the following combination of characters: Armature of head small; anterior coronals subcylindrical (Fig. 9 E View Figure 9 ); second to seventh abdominal terga without median longitudinal carina (Fig. 9 A View Figure 9 ); fifth abdominal tergum with a pair of small humps posteromedially, fourth abdominal tergum absent (Fig. 9 G, I View Figure 9 ); eighth abdominal tergum trapezoidal, wider than long (Fig. 9 F View Figure 9 ); posterior rim of poculum truncate posteriorly.

Description.

Male (Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ). Head. Supra-antennals present as small and blunt spines, pointed outwards. Supra-occipitals indistinct, present as small granules. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and raised. Pro-coronals and posterior coronals present as small elevations. Anterior coronals subcylindrical, larger than supra-antennals, with apices blunt. Central coronal robust and subtriangular, with apex rounded. Lateral coronals almost absent. Eyes yellowish brown, circular and strongly projecting hemispherically. Postocular carina indistinct, with a small granule apically. Antennae yellowish brown to darker brown, shorter than forelegs. Scapus flattened dorsally, longer than pedicellus, with two adjacent and spine-like tubercles placed before the middle on outer lateral margin; pedicellus subcylindrical, shorter than third segment; third segment cylindrical, shorter than scapus.

Thorax. Pronotum rectangular, slightly longer than head; anterior margin concave and posterior margin convex; anterolateral angles rounded. Transverse sulcus distinct, not reaching lateral margins. Prozona elevated centrally, with two pairs of small conical elevations along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Metazona with two pairs of granules on two longitudinal carinae along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesonotum about rectangular, without median longitudinal carina; anterior margin thickened and broadly concave, equal in width to posterior margin; anterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin with two indistinct granules. Mesopleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by a short transverse sulcus; anterior portion subtriangular, with a small granule medially on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with outer lateral margin truncate. Metanotum approximately rectangular, about 2.5 times as long as median segment, without median longitudinal carina. Metapleura widened above coxae; widened portion triangular, with a small granule posteriorly on outer lateral margin.

Abdomen. Abdominal terga rough, slightly varying in length, with posterior margin thickened. Median segment with anterior margin distinctly convex and posterior margin slightly concave. Second to seventh terga slightly decreasing in width, without median longitudinal carina. Second tergum rectangle, longer than wide, about 1.4 times as long as median segment. Fifth tergum with a pair of small humps posteromedially; fourth tergum absent. Sixth to seventh terga with posterior margin with a pair of granules. Sixth to eighth terga gradually increasing in width. Three terminal terga transverse, wider than long. Eighth abdominal tergum trapezoidal. Ninth tergum with distinct median longitudinal carina gradually ascending, present as ridge-like structure posteromedially. Anal segment transverse, dorsoventrally flattened, notched posteromedially, shortest and narrowest among three terminal terga; posterolateral angles rounded. Poculum about triangular in lateral view, with numerous granules of irregular sizes; posterior rim flattened dorsoventrally and truncate posteriorly; posterolateral angles rounded. Cerci small and flattened, not reaching posterior margin of the anal segment, with apex rounded.

Legs. Legs with carinae indistinct. Profemora slightly curved basally; antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal carinae with three indistinct elevations. Postero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora with three thickened and fin-like teeth, increasing in size towards the apex. Antero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora indistinct and unarmed. Antero-ventral and postero-ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with two apical small elevations, posterior one larger. Tibiae unarmed, shorter than corresponding femora.

Eggs (Fig. 10 D – F View Figure 10 ). Capsule brown, with small brownish elevations. Capsule and operculum bearing very sparse, short pale setae and densely punctulate. Micropylar plate trilobate with one anterior expansion and with two posterior expansions; anterior expansion slightly widening towards the capsule; posterior arms laterally directed, almost reaching ventral margin. Margin of micropylar plate elevated and widened. Micropylar cup distinct, placed near the posterior end of the micropylar plate. Operculum subcircular, elevated centrally, with irregularly shaped dense brownish elevations. Median line indistinctly raised. Ventral margin oblique in lateral view.

Redescription of female.

Head. Supra-antennals present as conical spines, slightly larger than supra-occipitals. Supra-occipitals present, small and conical. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and raised. Supra-orbitals and pro-coronals present as conical spines, posterior one larger. Anterior coronals slightly flattened laterally. Central coronal carinate, almost fused with anterior coronals. Posterior and lateral coronals just present as small granules. Postocular carina present, reaching posterior margin of head, with an indistinct granule apically. Antennae brown, darker in some segments, shorter than forelegs, with dense and minute brownish setae. Scapus flattened dorsally, with two adjacent and spine-like tubercles placed before the middle on outer lateral margin; pedicellus subcylindrical, shorter than third segment; third segment cylindrical, shorter than scapus.

Measurements (mm).

Body length: ♀ 44.24–46.25, ♂ 33.46; length of head: ♀ 4.15–4.35, ♂ 2.45; length of pronotum: ♀ 3.52–3.74, ♂ 2.72; length of mesonotum: ♀ 9.33–10.2, ♂ 7.12; length of metanotum: ♀ 4.70–4.98, ♂ 3.82; length of median segment: ♀ 1.87–1.91, ♂ 1.55; length of profemora: ♀ 8.01–8.43, ♂ 7.48; length of mesofemora: ♀ 7.39–7.78, ♂ 6.36; length of metafemora: ♀ 9.71–9.89, ♂ 8.04; length of protibiae: ♀ 7.09–7.35, ♂ 6.77; length of mesotibiae: ♀ 5.84–6.76, ♂ 5.22 length of metatibiae: ♀ 8.62–8.66, ♂ 6.49.

Distribution.

China, Hainan Province, Lingshui County.