Thinouia compressa Radlk.

2. Thinouia compressa Radlk. View in CoL , Sitzungsber. Math. - Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 282. 1878

Figs 7 View Figure 7 , 13 A View Figure 13

Thinouia coriacea Britton View in CoL , Bull. Torrey Bot., Club 16: 191. 1889. Type: Bolivia. Guanai, May 1886, H. H. Rusby 550 (lectotype, designated here: NY! [ NY 00387407], isolectotypes: GH [ GH 10593] [image!], MICH [ MICH 1115486] [image!], NY! [ NY 00387406]).

Type.

Brazil. [Rio de Janeiro?] • Cantagallo , Jul 1832, L. Riedel 513 (lectotype, designated here: US! [ US 00169545 ], isolectotypes: AAH!, LE? [not seen], NY! [ NY 5169 ]) .

Description.

Tendrilled liana; stem cylindrical, striate, puberulous, with ferruginous, rounded or elliptic lenticels; cross-section simple. Leaves trifoliolate; stipules ca. 0.8 mm long, triangular, tomentose; petiole 2–3 cm long, terete, pubescent; terminal petiolule 0.2–0.5 cm long, canaliculate, lateral petiolules 0.2–0.3 cm long; leaflets with adaxial surface glabrous or puberulous, abaxial surface puberulous or pubescent, the leaflet secondary venation semicraspedodromous or craspedodromous; secondary veins 4–5 pairs, subalternate or opposite, spacing irregular, with domatia on the abaxial side of secondary vein axils; intersecondaries present or absent; tertiary veins irregular reticulate; margins serrate or dentate-serrate, subrevolute, with (3) 6–8 teeth reduced to inconspicuous glands; terminal leaflet 3.7–5.5 × 2.3–3.7 cm, ovate-rhomboid, symmetrical or asymmetrical, the apex obtuse or acuminate, mucronate, the base decurrent; lateral leaflets 3–4.8 × 2.2–3 cm, ovate, asymmetrical, the apex obtuse or acuminate, mucronate, the base subcuneate to obtuse. Thyrses axillary or terminal, umbelliform, 1.7–4 cm long; peduncle 0.7–2.4 cm long; secondary peduncle subsessile or 0.2–0.5 cm long; cincinni numerous, peduncle of cincinni 2–3.5 mm long, tomentose. Flower 2.5–4.5 mm long, pedicel 1–2 mm long, pilose or tomentose; sepals 1–1.25 mm long, connate at base, deltate, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous; petals 1–2.5 mm long, spatulate, distally orbiculate, clawed, the margin erose, adaxially glabrous with glands; petal appendages rudimentary, bifid, shorter than the petals, ca. 0.5 mm long, villous; nectary disc glabrous, annular. Staminate flower with stamens 8, ca. 2.5 mm long, the filaments villous on lower half, the anthers pilose to glabrous; pistillode ca. 0.6 mm long, villous at the apex. Pistillate flower with staminodes ca. 1.7 mm long, villous more than half of their length; pistil 3 mm long, villous. Fruits 3–5 × 2.2–2.3 (2.7) cm; accrescent pedicel 3–5 cm long; stipe 5–8 mm long; seed locule flattened; epicarp glabrous or with sparse simple trichomes; cavity of seed locule with capitate, ferruginous trichomes with uniseriate stalk and multicellular terminal cells. Seed ellipsoid, 6–7.5 × 3.8–4.4 mm, basally attached, glabrous.

Distribution, habitat and phenology.

Thinouia compressa is known from tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, dry broadleaf forests, grasslands, savannas, shrublands, and xerophytic shrublands in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay, along streams, roadside thickets, semi-deciduous forests, and caatinga vegetation in Brazil (Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco), (Fig. 13 A View Figure 13 ). Flowering from February to August, and fruiting from March to August.

Notes.

Thinouia compressa is easily distinguished from other species of Thinouia by its fruits with flattened seed locules (vs. subglobose or lenticular). Thinouia compressa is similar to T. paraguayensis . They both have leaflets with mucronate apex, margins dentate-serrate, flowers 3–5 mm long, and fruits 2.5–5 cm long, with seed ellipsoid. However, Thinouia compressa differs from the T. paraguayensis by the adaxially glabrous or puberulous leaflets and the spatulate-orbiculate petals (vs. puberulous, pubescent-tomentose only along the veins, and spatulate-obovate petals).

Conservation status.

Thinouia compressa occurs from Northeastern Brazil to Paraguay and Bolivia within an EOO of 3,207,299.55 km 2 and an AOO of 140.00 km 2. This species occurs in dry tropical forests, a habitat that is under threat as it is being converted into large-scale agricultural plantations and urban development. Despite this, the EOO values and the number of threat situations extrapolate the thresholds for inclusion of the species in a threat category. Moreover, there are no data on population declines for the application of other criteria. Thus, it should be regarded as Least Concern (LC).

Selected specimens examined.

Bolivia. La Paz • Prov. Franz Tamayo, 2 km W de la Hacienda Ubito , 850 m, 13 Jul 1993, Kessler et al. 3983 ( LPB, US) . Brazil. Bahia • Mun. Brejolândia, 5 km to the North of Tabocas , 1 Mar 1980, Harley et al. 21997 ( CEPEC, SPF) • Mun. Correntina. Distrito de São Manoel do Norte , 479 m, 8 Apr 2005, Miranda et al. 706 ( HUEFS) • Mun. Coribe , 545 m, 10 Apr 2007, Queiroz et al. 12715 ( RB) • Mun. Espigão Mestre, 3 km S of Cocos , 14 Mar 1972, Anderson et al. 36945 ( F, MO, U, UB) • Mun. Ibiquera, Gruta da Lapinha , 610–710 m, 1 Jan 2004, França et al. 4971 ( RB) • Mun. Iraquara, Gruta da Lapa Doce , 19 Mar 2019, Medeiros and Sousa 3800 ( RB, SPF, UFACPZ) • Mun. Oliveira dos Brejinhos, Canabrava , 16 Mar 1998, Hatschbach et al. 67777 ( BHCB, HCF, MBM, RB, UB, UFACPZ) • Mun. Macaúbas, Estrada para Canatiba , 600–800 m, 20 Apr 1996, Hatschbach et al. 65076 ( CEPEC, MBM) • Mun. Machado Portello , 19–23 Jun 1915, Rose et al. 19992 ( US) . Ceará • Crato , 1910, Löfgren 625 ( R) ; Serra de Saturité , 24 Aug 1908, Ducke s. n. ( INPA 12613 View Materials , UB) . Espírito Santo • Mun. Alegre, São João do Norte , 25 Jun 2008, Kollmann 11067 ( CEPEC) . Mato Grosso do Sul • Mun. Bonito, Projeto Guaicurus , 14 Mar 2003, Hatschabach et al. 74746 ( HUEFS, MBM, MEXU, SPF) . Minas Gerais • Mun. Caratinga, Fazenda Macedônia / Cenibra-Ipaba , 21 Aug 1991, Stehmann and Soares s. n .. ( MBM 227949 View Materials ) • Mun. Januária, 13 km by road W of Januária , 19 Apr 1973, Anderson et al. 9187 ( F, UB) • Mun. Leopoldina, Domingos Pisoni , 30 Mai 1936, Barreto 7558 ( BHCB, F, R) • Mun. Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , 28 May 2001, Stehmann 2959 ( ESA) • Mun. Santo Hipólito, 5 km de Santo Hipólito em direção à Monjolos , 14 Aug 1998, Rapini 628 ( SPF) • Mun. São João del-Rei, Serra do Lenheiro , 17 Jun 1996, Alves 4981 ( R) • Mun. Tombos, Fazenda Antilhas , 30 May 1941, Oliveira 387 ( UB) . Paraíba • Mun. Maturéia, Pico do Jabre , 1225 m, 11–13 Jul 2007, Agra et al. 6985 ( JPB) . Pernambuco • Entre Salgueiro, Cedro e Jardim , 17 May 1971, Heringer 725 ( R, RB, UB) . Rio de Janeiro • Mun. Barra, Fazenda Boa Esperança , 650 m, 8 Mai 2013, Bovini et al. 3824 ( CTES, RB, UFAPZ, US) • Mun. Santa Maria Madalena, 16 km antes do portal de Santa Maria Madalena , 17 Jun 2004, Calió et al. 70 ( CTES, K, NY, MBM, RB, SPF) . Paraguay. Guaira • Cordillera de Ybytyruzú , 28 May 1989, Zardini and Velásquez 12165 ( MO, US) • Road to Polilla , 800 m, 23 Jul 1989, Zardini and Velásquez 13669 ( MO, US) . Paraguari • Acahay Massif, Easternmost Peak , 13 Jan 1992, Zardini and Aquino 29700 ( MO, US) . Primavera • High woodland , 27 Jul 1956, Woolston 840 ( US) . San Pedro • Línea Caraguatay , 2 Oct 1987, Zardini and Benítez 3333 ( MO, US) • Yaguarete Forest , 152 m, Zardini and Guerrero 48472 ( MO, P, US) • Colonia Primavera , 17 Jul 1956, Woolston 664 ( P) .