Stenarella insidiator ( Smith, 1859 )

3.1.9. Stenarella insidiator ( Smith, 1859) View in CoL

Figures 1 C View Figure 1 , 12 View Figure 12 , 22 B View Figure 22 , 27 View Figure 27 , 28 View Figure 28

Mesostenus insidiator Smith 1859: 60. Holotype ♀ ( OXUM, examined).

Orientostenaraeus chinensis Uchida, 1930: 321. Holotype ♀ (Hokkaido University, not examined). Synonymized by Townes et al. (1961).

Stenarella insidiator View in CoL : Townes et al. (1961).

Diagnosis.

Stenarella insidiator can be distinguished from all other Stenarella species by the combination of the following characters: mesoscutum densely and coarsely punctate on a granulate background (Fig. 12 D View Figure 12 ); areolet usually open, rarely with trace of vein 3 rs-m, vein 2 rs-m obliterated (Fig. 12 C View Figure 12 ); posterior area of propodeum medially punctate reticulate, laterally reticulate rugose (Fig. 1 C View Figure 1 ); mesosoma black, with well-defined whitish marks (Figs 12 A, D, E View Figure 12 , 22 B View Figure 22 ), propodeum with two large posterolateral whitish marks (Figs 1 C View Figure 1 , 12 E View Figure 12 , 22 B View Figure 22 ).

Description.

FEMALE. Fore wing 7.5–16.3 mm long. — Head (Fig. 12 A, B, E View Figure 12 ): Mandible, clypeus and face moderately setose. Mandible finely punctate granulate, MLW 1.85–2.0. Malar space short, MSM 0.45–0.5. Clypeus sparsely punctate, CWL 3.0–3.25. Clypeus and face centrally mostly flat. Face centrally weakly wrinkled, elsewhere smooth. Frons medially rugulose punctate, laterally granulate, with weak but complete longitudinal carina. Antenna with 33–36 flagellomeres. — Mesosoma (Figs 1 C View Figure 1 , 12 A, C – E View Figure 12 ): Pronotum dorsal margin with shallow dense punctures, ventrally with distinct longitudinal striae, otherwise smooth and shiny. Epomia long but weak, reaching pronotal depression. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely punctate on a granulate background, punctures coalescent. Notaulus reaching 0.90 of mesoscutum, with small transverse striae. Scutellum densely punctate. Mesopleuron and metapleuron moderately setose. Mesopleuron dorsally rugulose striate, ventrally rugulose. Epicnemial carina weak, reaching 0.5 of distance to subtegular ridge. Sternaulus shallow and sinuous, reaching posterior rim of mesopleuron. Metapleuron dorsally coarsely and densely punctate reticulate, ventrally rugulose striate. Propodeum relatively long, dorsal profile in lateral view evenly convex and sloped. Anterior area of propodeum densely punctate. Propodeal spiracle elliptic, SLW 3.0–3.2. Posterior area of propodeum medially punctate reticulate, laterally reticulate rugose. Posterior transverse carina of propodeum absent. Areolet small usually open distally, if close, vein 3 rs-m unpigmented, APH 0.45–0.5. vein usually 2 rs-m obliterated. Vein 2 m-cu interstitial to vein 3 rs-m. Hind wing vein Cua distinctly longer than cross vein cu-a, HW 1 C 1.85–2.3. — Metasoma (Fig. 12 A, F View Figure 12 ): Posterior end of S 1 placed approximately opposite to spiracle of T 1. T 1 LW 2.9–3.1; T 1 WW 2.05–2.3; T 2 LW 0.95–1.4; T 2 WW 2.1–2.3. Thyridium about 1.2 times as long as wide. T 2 punctate reticulate except for small granulate part on anterior part. Dorsal valve of ovipositor with 9 teeth. Ventral valve with 11 teeth. OST 2.6–5.2. — Color (Figs 1 C View Figure 1 , 12 View Figure 12 ): Head mostly black: labrum, clypeus, face, mandibles except distal part and eye orbits, except dorsal part of genal orbit, whitish. Antenna with f 5 (6) – f 15 (17) white. Mesosoma mostly black; dorsal margin and usually a spot ventrally on pronotum, subtegular ridge, large central spot on mesopleuron, dorsal division of metapleuron, central spot on mesoscutum, tegula, scutellum and postscutellum and two large posterior lateral marks on propodeum, yellow cream. Legs mostly orange; fore and mid coxae and trochanters, hind coxa dorsally and ventrally, sometimes also femur and tibia mostly, and hind tarsi, yellow cream; hind coxa mostly, hind trochanter and trochantellus, distal part of femur and base and distal part of tibia, dark brown. Wing hyaline. Metasoma mostly dark brown T 1 – T 8 posteriorly yellow cream banded. — MALE (Fig. 22 B View Figure 22 ). Fore wing 7.5–9.5 mm long. — Head. MSM 0.35–0.45. Clypeus sparsely punctate, CWL 2.2–2.4. Antenna with 33–35 flagellomeres; tyloids on t 12 – t 17 (18). — Mesosoma. SLW 3.2–4.5. Hind wing vein Cua distinctly longer than crossvein cu-a, HW 1 C 1.75–2.1. — Metasoma. Posterior end of S 1 placed approximately opposite to spiracle of T 1 or slightly posterior. T 1 LW 3.5–3.9; T 1 WW 1.9–2.0; T 2 LW 1.7–2.1; T 2 WW 1.8–1.9. — Color. As in female. Antenna with f 6 – f 18 or f 7 – f 17 white, first one and last one, partially. white. Legs lighter than in female. Other characters as in female.

Comments.

There are two well defined groups of specimens: specimens from Borneo have a smaller body size (fore wing 6.1–8.8 mm) and shorter ovipositor ( OST 2.6–3.2), while populations elsewhere are larger (fore wing 9.1–13.0 mm) and have longer ovipositors ( OST 4.0–5.2). However, no other structural differences were observed that could justify the split of S. insidiator into two species at the present. Further analyses using molecular data for a broader geographic sampling will help to determine whether the population from Borneo represents a distinct species.

Hosts.

Sceliphron madraspatanum Klug, 1801 ( Hymenoptera , Sphecidae ); Orancistrocerus aterrimus (de Saussure, 1852) ( Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; Eumeninae ).

Distribution.

Oriental. Known records from Brunei NR, Cambodia, China (Liaoninh, Sichuan, Yunnan), India NR, Indonesia, Malaysia NR, Myanmar NR, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand NR, Vietnam (Fig. 27 View Figure 27 ).

Material examined.

18 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂. Holotype. INDONESIA • ♀; Sulawesi, Makasar ( OXUM) . — Non-type material. BRUNEI • 1 ♀; Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre ; 115°7′E 4°34′N; 18.V.1991; N. Mawdsley; Malaise; BMNH (E): 1991–173 ( NHMUK) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, same data except V.1991 ( NHMUK) GoogleMaps . CHINA • 2 ♀♀; Szechuen, Mt. Omei ; 11,000 ft; 21.VII.1935; D. C. Graham ( USNM) . INDIA • 1 ♀; Bikham / Claude Morley coll B. M. 1952–159 / “ B. M. 1967 under Silsila spionata ” / Silsila longicantus karl / Co – type B. M. ( NHMUK) • 1 ♀; Meghalaya; Khasia Hills ; Assam Athimus K. / Mesostenus longicauda / Munich . INDONESIA • 1 ♀; S. B. Heppner coll., Royal Ent. Soc. London Poject Wallace Exped. 1985 ( FSCA) • 1 ♀; East Kalimantan, Balikpapan. Mentawir river ; 50 m; X.1950; A. M. R. Wegner ( USUC) . MALAYSIA • 1 ♀; Negri Sembilan; Pasoh Forest Reserve , forest; 17.XII.1978; P. & M. Becker ( USUC) • 1 ♂, same data except 6.X.1979 ( USUC) • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Sarawak; Gunung Mulu National Park; “ 4 th div. Gn. Mulu ”; VI–VII.1978; H. Vallack ( NHMUK) • 1 ♀; same data except 58 m; Deer Cave trail, nr. jct. with small forest trail ; 4.025417, 114.824683; 17.II–19.III.2012; D. C. Darling, Malaise; ROM _ OSU 308613; glydant; limestone / seq ( ROM) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same date except Kuching ; 11.XI.1999; Dyak, coll. Pres. 1900 by R. Shelford ( OXUM) GoogleMaps . MYANMAR (“ Burma ”) • 1 ♀; Kachin state, Kachin hills, Mali Hka valley ; 2000 ft; 3.XII.1930; F. Kingdon Ward, B. M. 1936–91 ( NHMUK) . PHILIPPINES • 1 ♀; Island Samar , Baker coll. ( USNM) • 1 ♀; Oriental Mindoro; S. Luis Calapan , 150 ft; 15.IV.1954, H. M. & D. Townes / Homotype Orientostenaraeus chinensis Uch. H. K. Townes ’ 54 ( USUC) . TAIWAN • 1 ♀; Taipei, Fu – Shan ; 10.IX.2001; J. & L. Stange ( FSCA) . THAILAND • 1 ♀; Chiang Mai; Huai Nam Dang NP Helipad ; 19 ˚ 18.33 ’ N 98 ˚ 36.289 ’ E; 20–27.III.2008; Malaise trap; Anuchart & Thawatchai leg; T 5635 ( UKICU) .