Calappa capellonis Laurie, 1906

Calappa capellonis Laurie, 1906 View in CoL # ( Figs. 6 View Fig , 35A View Fig )

Calappa capellonis View in CoL — present record.

Taxonomy: Takeda and Koyama (1974), Chen (1993), Galil (1997), Ng (2002a).

Type: Syntypes NHM 1907.5.22.13-15 ( Galil 1997).

Type locality: Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from Madagascar, Seychelles, to Indonesia, South China, Taiwan and Japan, to Australia and New Guinea ( Galil 1997).

Habitat: Subtidal; rocky substrates of coarse sand or rock fragments; depths 9 to 80 m ( Galil 1997).

Remarks: The present species was described as a variety of Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803) , but is distinguished from it by more flattened and smoother nodules on the carapace among various characters ( Laurie 1906). The distinction was dismissed by Rathbun (1937), but later recognized by Takeda and Koyama (1974) who raised it to a full species (see also Chen 1993; Galil 1997). This species is a new record for the fauna of Hong Kong.

Calappa hepatica ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL #

Calappa calappa View in CoL — Hill and Phillipps 1981: 156, pl. 52k [not Cancer calappa Linnaeus, 1758 ].

Calappa hepatica View in CoL — Morton and Morton 1983: 157, fig. 10.4(4).

Taxonomy: Chen (1993), Galil (1997), Chen and

Sun (2002).

Type: Status unknown.

Type locality: “in Indiis”: Indian Ocean.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to East Pacific: South Africa, Madagascar, Red Sea, Persian/ Arabian Gulf, to South China Sea and East Asia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, to Hawaii and Clipperton Island ( Galil 1997); exotic species in the Mediterranean ( Brockerhoff and McLay 2011; Galil 2011).

Habitat: Intertidal to subtidal; substrates sandy, muddy or gravelly, to depths of 100 m ( Galil 1997).

Calappa lophos (Herbst, 1782) #

Calappa lophos View in CoL — Wong et al. 2021: 8, fig. 5, pl. 1D.

Taxonomy: Chen (1993), Ng et al. (1999a), JCY Lai et al. (2006).

Type: Lectotype ò ZMB 2168 View Materials (K Sakai 1999; JCY Lai et al. 2006).

Type locality: East Indian Seas.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from South Africa, Andaman Sea, South and East China Seas, Taiwan, Japan, and Australia ( Chen and Sun 2002; Davie 2002; JCY Lai et al. 2006).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates of muddy sand, fine sand or shell fragments; depths 30 to 100 m ( Chen and Sun 2002).

Calappa philargius ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL #

Calappa cristata View in CoL — Stimpson 1858c: 162; Stimpson 1907: 165.

Calappa philargius View in CoL — Gee 1926: 160; Shen 1931a: 104, text-figs. 10, 11, pl. 8; Shen 1940a: 214; Hill et al. 1978: 114; Morton 1979b: 136, tab. 7.1; Hill and Phillipps 1981: 156, pl. 52j; Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 10.4(6); Davie 1992b: tab. 1; Galil 1997: 307, figs. 17d, 20d, 21, 23; Morton and Ruxton 1997: 1 unnumb. fig. (51); Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1; B Chan and Leung 2002: 25, fig. 2G; Leung et al. 2004: 87, 1 unnumb. fig.; Tsang et al. 2020: 68, 2 unnumb. figs.; Wong et al. 2021: 8, fig. 6, pl. 1E.

Taxonomy: Chen (1993), Galil (1997), Chen and Sun (2002), Ng et al. (2002).

Type: Neotype ò ZRC 1998.67 View Materials (designated by Ng et al. 2002).

Type locality: Changi Beach, Singapore (neotype).

Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from Straits of Malacca eastwards, to Southeast and East Asia, and Western Australia (Ng et al. 2002).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates sandy-muddy, shelly, of depth 24 to 100 m ( Chen and Sun 2002).