Orisarma intermedium (De Haan, 1835)

Orisarma intermedium (De Haan, 1835) View in CoL

Sesarma intermedia View in CoL — Stimpson 1858b: 105; Heller 1865: 64; Stimpson 1907: 133; Morton 1979a: 118.

Sesarma intermedium — Gee 1926: 164 [list]; Hill et al. 1975: 65; Hill et al. 1978: 92.

Sesarma (Sesarma) intermedia View in CoL — Gordon 1931: 528; Shen 1940a: 236.

Sesarmops intermedium — Soh 1978: 11, pl. 4b.

Orisarma intermedium View in CoL — Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Sakai (1939: as Sesarma ( Sesarma )), Schubart and Ng (2020).

Type: Lectotype RMNH D 165, and probable paralectotype in RMNH (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean to South China Sea and East Asia: Mergui Islands, Indonesia, to South China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan (De Man 1888b; Sakai 1976).

Habitat: Supratidal; along banks of stream banks leading to the shore, rather tolerant to freshwater.

Remarks: See Remarks under Orisarma dehaani above.

Orisarma patshuni ( Soh, 1978) View in CoL #

Pseudosesarma patshuni Soh, 1978: 14 View in CoL , figs. e, f, pls. 1c, f, 3f; Morton and Morton 1983: 214, fig. 11.4(7); WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 16.

Orisarma patshuni View in CoL — Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Soh (1978: as Pseudosesarma ), Schubart and Ng (2020).

Type: Holotype ò BM 1976 : 108 in NHM, and paratypes probably in ZRC.

Type locality: Shui Hau, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.

Distribution: South China, probably near estuaries of Pearl River: so far reported from Macau and Hong Kong, and Dapeng District, Shenzhen (Huang and Mao 2021).

Habitat: Supratidal; on among rock fragments along stream backs leading to the shore, appears rather tolerant to freshwater.

Remarks: See Remarks under Orisarma dehaani above.

Orisarma sinense (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) #

Sesarma sinensis View in CoL — Stimpson 1858b: 105; Stimpson 1907: 133; Gee 1926: 165 [list]; Morton 1979a: fig. 6.19; SY Lee 1993: tab. 1.

Seasarma (Sesarma) sinensis — Shen 1931b: 196, text-fig. 13, pl. 14(2, 3).

Sesarma (Sesarma) sinensis View in CoL — Shen 1940a: 236.

Sesarmops sinensis View in CoL — Morton 1976: 105; Soh 1978: 11, pl. 4c; Morton 1979a: 121; Morton and Morton 1983: 158, fig. 11.11(12); Fong et al. 2005: 63, 3 unnumb. figs.; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, figs. 15, 18a, 20.

Sesarma (Sesarmops) sinensis View in CoL — SY Lee and Leung 1999: 61, pl. 1.

Taxonomy: Shen (1931b: as Seasarma ( Sesarma View in CoL )), Schubart and Ng (2020).

Type: Syntype ò in MNHN (see De Man 1887; Schubart and Ng 2020).

Type locality: “Mers de Chine ”: China, locality unspecified.

Distribution: South China: from Guangdong to Zhejiang ( Dai and Yang 1991).

Habitat: Supratidal and intertidal; burrowing along muddy banks.

Remarks: See Remarks under Chiromantes dehaani above.

Parasesarma affine (De Haan, 1837) #

Sesarma (Parasesarma) plicata — Balss 1922b: 155; Shen 1940a: 236 [not Ocypode plicatum Latreille, 1803 ].

Sesarma plicata — Gee 1926: 165 [list] [not Ocypode plicatum Latreille, 1803 ].

Parasesarma affinis View in CoL — Soh 1978: 10, pl. 3c; Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 11.5; SY Lee 1993: tab. 1; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, figs. 12, 21.

? Parasesarma plicatum View in CoL — Hill et al. 1975: 77; Morton 1976: 100; Hill et al. 1978: 108; Soh 1978: 11, pl. 3e; Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 10.3(1) [not Ocypode plicatum Latreille, 1803 ].

Sesarma (Parasesarma) affinis View in CoL — SY Lee and Leung 1999: 62, pl. 4.

Parasesarma pictum View in CoL — So and Lui 2007: 35, 4 unnumb. figs.

Parasesarma affine View in CoL — Rahayu and Ng 2010: 8, figs. 5–7; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Rahayu and Ng (2010).

Type: Lectotype ò RMNH D 129, and paralectotypes in RMNH (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997; Rahayu and Ng 2010).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: East Asia: coasts of China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan ( Rahayu and Ng 2010).

Habitat: Supratidal; under limited tidal influences, in burrows, sometimes under shades of coastal vegetation.

Remarks: The taxonomy of the Parasesarma plicatum -group was revised by Rahayu and Ng (2010) and past records in East Asia under the name “ P. plicatum ” represent P. affine instead, with P. plicatum sensu stricto now known to be restricted to localities around Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

Parasesarma continentale Shih, Hsu & Li, 2023 View in CoL #

Sesarma bidens View in CoL — Heller 1865: 64 [part]; Bürger 1893: 628; Stimpson 1907: 134 [part; material from Hong Kong only]; Gee 1926: 164 [list]. [not Grapsus (Pachysoma) bidens De Haan, 1835 ].

Sesarma (Chiromantes) bidens View in CoL — Gordon 1931: 528; Tam and Wong 2000: 115, 2 unnumb. figs.

Sesarma (Perisesarma) bidens View in CoL — Shen 1940a: 237.

Chiromanthes bidens — Hill et al. 1975: 48; Morton 1976: 103; Hill et al. 1978: 92; Morton 1979a: 118; Soh 1978: 10, pl. 2a; Melville and Morton 1983: 11, 1 unnumb. fig. (12); Morton and Morton 1983: 220, fig. 11.11(8), pl. 19D; SY Lee 1993: tab. 1.

Sesarma (Perisesarma) bidens View in CoL — SY Lee and Leung 1999: 64, pl. 5.

Perisesarma bidens View in CoL — BKK Chan 2001: tab. 2; Poon 2002: 15, fig. 1; Fong et al. 2005: 61, 4 unnumb. figs.; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 13; So and Lui 2007: 34, 3 unnumb. figs; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Parasesarma continentale Shih, Hsu & Li, 2023: 11 View in CoL , figs. 4, 7F–H, 9C, D, 10D, 11D, 12B.

Taxonomy: Shahdadi and Schubart (2017; on “ Perisesarma View in CoL ”); Shih et al. (2023).

Type: Holotype ò NCHUZOOL 17065, and paratypes in NCHUZOOL and ZRC.

Type locality: Lieyu, Kinmen, Taiwan.

Distribution: Vietnam and South China: shores of Vietnam, Hainan, Hong Kong, to Kinmen, Matzu and Fujian ( Shih et al. 2023).

Habitat: Supratidal and intertidal, among rock fragments, often under shades of mangroves.

Remarks: See remarks under Fasciarma fasciatum above.

The species “ Perisesarma bidens ” was recorded from a good wealth of literature from various localities along the West Pacific, including Hong Kong. This was recently shown to be a species complex comprise of at least five lineages, each warrant species-level status, with Taiwan situated at a point of overlap ( Shahdadi et al. 2022). Based on molecular and morphological evidences, these lineages are now recognized as separate species: P. bidens (De Haan, 1835) sensu stricto from Korea and the Japanese Archipelago, as south as Iriomote; P. cricotum Rahayu and Davie, 2002 from Indonesia and Philippines; P. sanguimanus Li, Shih & Ng, 2019 and P. insulare Shih, Hsu & Li, 2023 from Taiwan to Philippines; P. chiahsiang Shih, Hsu & Li, 2023 from Taiwan, especially Penghu Islands; and P. continentale along shores of Vietnam to South China ( Shih et al. 2023). These species show subtle morphological distinctions, as well as distinctive live colorations ( Shih et al. 2023). So far only P. continentale is found in Hong Kong.