Epiactaea margaritifera ( Odhner, 1925 ), 2008

Epiactaea margaritifera ( Odhner, 1925) View in CoL # ( Figs. 20 View Fig , 38B, C View Fig )

Epiactaea margaritifera View in CoL — present record.

Taxonomy: Guinot (1958a: as Actaea ), Serène

Type: Holotype ñ MP-B 6788 in MNHN ( Serène 1984).

Type locality: Aden, Red Sea.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: Red Sea, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Singapore, Gulf of Thailand, South China, Kei Islands ( Indonesia), and Torres Strait ( Serène 1984; Deb 1989).

Habitat: Intertidal and subtidal; under rock fragments.

Remarks: Epiactaea Serène, 1984 includes three species: E. bullifera ( Alcock, 1898) , E. nodulosa (White, 1848) (recorded locally, see above) and E. margaritifera ( Odhner, 1925) (Ng et al. 2008) . The local intertidal form, not uncommon along sheltered shores, is identified as E. margaritifera ( Odhner, 1925) by (1) its pearl-shaped tubercles of similar sizes which are well separated all over the carapace ( Figs. 20A View Fig , 38B, C View Fig ); (2) possession of a tripartite 3M region ( Fig. 20A View Fig ); and (3) the male thoracic sternites and pleon are covered with low granules instead of vermicular excavations ( Fig. 20E, F View Fig ) (cf. Alcock 1898; Serène 1984). This species is a new record for the fauna of Hong Kong.

Gaillardiellus orientalis ( Odhner, 1925) View in CoL #

Actaea ruppelli var. orientalis Odhner, 1925: 46 View in CoL , pl. 3(7). Gaillardiellus orientalis View in CoL — Guinot 1976: 255, fig. 43B, pl. 16(2).

Taxonomy: Shen (1937a: as Actaea rüppelli orientalis View in CoL ), Sakai (1939: as Actaea rüppelli orientalis View in CoL ), Guinot (1976).

Type: Syntype ò in NHMD ( Guinot 1976).

Type locality: Hong Kong.

Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean to South China Sea and East Asia: Northwest Australia, Phuket ( Thailand), Singapore, to East Asia to Japan ( Guinot 1976; Sakai 1976; Dai and Yang 1991; Ng and Clark 1994; Ho et al. 2000; Ng and Davie 2002; Hosie et al. 2015).

Habitat: Shallow subtidal; substrates rocky or weedy ( Dai and Yang 1991).

Remarks: Odhner (1925) described this taxon as a variety of Actaea ruppelli based on material from Japan and Hong Kong, noting which characterized by soft setal tufts, less protruded margins of carapace and cardiac region indistinctly separated. Actaea ruppelli var. orientalis was raised as a full species by Guinot (1976). These two species, namely Gaillardiellus orientalis and G. rueppelli , are nevertheless extremely resembling. Serène (1984: 117) had separated both using relative width of carapace ( rueppelli 1.35 times of cl vs. orientalis 1.4), form of grooves separating regions on carapace (broad and shallow vs. narrow and deeper); granulation (relatively small and few in rueppelli vs. coarse and numerous and orientalis ); and absence ( rueppelli ) or presence ( orientalis ) of plumose setal tufts. Among these two, the first author ( KJHW) had only examined local material identifiable as G. orientalis , which characterized by the iconic pale yellowish longish setal tufts, and a live coloration of nearly entirely crimson-red (see e.g., Sakai 1976; Takeda 1982).