Sesarmidae Dana, 1851

Family Sesarmidae Dana, 1851 View in CoL

Chiromantes haematocheir (De Haan, 1833) #

Holometopus haematocheir View in CoL — Stimpson 1858b: 106; Heller 1865: 66; Stimpson 1907: 137; Soh 1978: 10, pl. 2e.

Sesarma haematocheir View in CoL , var. — Bürger 1893: 614, pl. 21(3).

Sesarma (Holometopus) haematocheir View in CoL — Balss 1922b: 155; Gordon 1931: 528; Shen 1940a: 237.

Sesarma haematocheir View in CoL — Gee 1926: 164 [list].

Holometopus serenei Soh, 1978: 13 View in CoL , figs. c, d, pls. 1b, e, 2f; Morton and Morton 1983: 214, fig. 11.4(3); Naruse and Ng 2008: 8.

Chiromantes haematocheir View in CoL — Fong et al. 2005: 59, 3 unnumb. figs.; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 8; Naruse and Ng 2008: 4, figs. 1–4; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Chiromantes sereni — WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 9.

Taxonomy: Sakai (1939: as Sesarma View in CoL ( Holometopus View in CoL )),

Naruse and Ng (2008).

Type: Lectotype ò RMNH D 160, paralectotypes in RMNH, NHM and MNHN (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997; Naruse and Ng 2008).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: East Asia: Coasts of China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan.

Habitat: Freshwater and terrestrial; under rock fragments on banks of freshwater streams, also under supratidal vegetation.

Remarks: Holometopus serenei Soh, 1978 , previously reported to be endemic to Hong Kong, were shown to be juveniles of C. haematocheir ( Naruse and Ng 2008; Schubart and Ng 2020). See also Remarks under Orisarma dehaani below.

Clistocoeloma nobile B.Y. Lee, N.K. Ng & Ng, 2023 # ( Figs. 28 View Fig , 39E, F View Fig )

Clistocoeloma sp. — Fong et al. 2005: 60, 3 unnumb. figs. Clistocoeloma villosum View in CoL — Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2. [not Sesarma villosum A. Milne-Edwards, 1869 View in CoL ].

Taxonomy: Komai et al. (2004: as C. villosum View in CoL ), S-k Lee et al. (2010: as C. villosum View in CoL ), BY Lee et al. (2023).

Type: Lectotype ò ZRC 2022.0980 View Materials and paratypes in ZRC.

Type locality: St. John’s Island, Singapore.

Distribution: West Pacific: Singapore, Sumatra ( Indonesia), the Philippines, New Guinea and Caroline Islands, to South China, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan ( BY Lee et al. 2023).

Habitat: Supratidal; among rock fragments, rather compact, under shades of mangroves.

Remarks: The previously understood “ Clistocoeloma villosum ” was reported to be widespread in the Indo-Pacific, but recently shown by B.Y. Lee and colleagues to comprise three distinct species. Both C. villosum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) sensu stricto, and C. suvaense Edmondson, 1951 , were shown to have rather restricted geographical distributions, from respectively Samoa and Fiji ( BY Lee et al. 2023). Past records of “ C. villosum ” in the region of West Pacific are referred to their new species, C. nobile , instead.

Clistocoeloma sinense Shen, 1933 View in CoL #

? Clistocoeloma merguiensis View in CoL — Melville and Morton 1983: 12, 1 unnumb. fig.; SY Lee 1993: tab. 1.

? Clistocoeloma merguiense View in CoL — Morton and Morton 1983: 227, fig. 11.11(10).

Cleistocoeloma sinensis — SY Lee and Leung 1999: 72, pl. 16.

Clistocoeloma sp. — WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 2.

? Clistocoeloma cf. merguiense View in CoL — Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Shen (1933), Hsueh and Huang (1996).

Type: Holotype ò in ZMFMIB: status unknown; paratype ò NHM 1933.4.6.1 (NHM Data Portal).

Type locality: Ningbo, Zhejiang (as Ningpoo, Chekiang), China.

Distribution: East Asia: South China, Taiwan and Japan ( Hsueh and Huang 1996; Rahayu and Takeda 2000; Yang et al. 2008).

Habitat: Supratidal; among rock fragments, under shades of mangroves.

Remarks: Clistocoeloma merguiense De Man, 1888 (b) has been reported widespread in the Indo-West Pacific, while C. sinense was previously only reported from Zhejiang, China ( Dai and Yang 1991). Later C. sinensis was reported from Taiwan ( Hsueh and Huang 1996), and Japan ( Rahayu and Takeda 2000), while some past records of C. merguiense in the region probably represent C. sinense instead (as with Taiwanese records in Ng et al. 2001). Local records of C. merguiense probably represent C. sinense instead. The late Si-Liang Yang and Ai-Yun Dai were revising the East Asian Clistocoeloma shortly before they passed away and included specimens they had from Hong Kong and southern China. The second author has on hand a copy of their unfinished manuscript which records three species from this area (two of which are supposedly new). Fresh collections should be made to ascertain how many species are actually present in southern China.

Episesarma versicolor ( Tweedie, 1940) View in CoL #

Episesarma versicolor View in CoL — VCS Lai 1999a: 8; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 2, fig. 3; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Dai and Song (1977: as Neoepisesarma View in CoL ( Neoepisesarma View in CoL )), Ng (1998), BY Lee et al. (2015).

Type: Lectotype ò NHM 1 9 4 7.8.9.3, and paralectotype ñ in NHM (designated by BY Lee et al. 2015).

Type locality: Singapore.

Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean to South China Sea: Southeastern India, Phuket ( Thailand), Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, to South China (Yang et al. 2008; BY Lee et al. 2015; Manikantan et al. 2016).

Habitat: Supratidal and intertidal; among rocks under shades of mangroves.

Fasciarma fasciatum ( Lanchester, 1900) View in CoL #

Chiromanthes fasciatum — Soh 1978: 10, pl. 2b; Morton 1979a: 121; Morton and Morton 1983: 214, fig. 11.4(5).

Perisesarma fasciata — Fong et al. 2005: 62, 3 unnumb. figs.; WPW Kwok and Tang 2005: 3, fig. 14.

Fasciarma fasciatum View in CoL — Shahdadi and Schubart 2017: 24, figs. 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F, 7F, 8F, 9F, 10F, 11F, 15; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Ta x o n o m y: Tw e e d i e (1 9 3 6: a s S e s a r m a ( Chiromantes View in CoL )), Shahdadi and Schubart (2017).

Type: Lectotype ò NHM 1 9 0 0.1 0.2 2. 2 7 4 (designated by Shahdadi and Schubart 2017).

Type locality: Singapore.

Distribution: South China Sea: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Gulf of Thailand, Borneo and South China ( Dai and Yang 1991).

Habitat: Supratidal; under rocks beneath shades of coastal vegetation.

Remarks: In describing subgenera Parasesarma and Perisesarma, De Man (1895) defined the former as having the lateral margin entire, while the latter has an epibranchial tooth after the extra-orbital tooth. Subsequently, however, this distinction between the two taxa was long considered unreliable ( Shen 1932b; Tweedie 1940; von Hagen 1978), and both genera were shown to be non-monophyletic groups ( Shahdadi and Schubart 2017). As such, Perisesarma has been restricted to its type species Pe. dusumieri H. Milne Edwards, 1853. The West African species were included in new genus, Guinearma ; Pe. fasciatum transferred into another new genus, Fasciarma ; and all others referred to Parasesarma ( Shahdadi and Schubart 2017) .

Haberma tingkok Cannicci & Ng, 2017 View in CoL #

Haberma tingkok Cannicci & Ng, 2017: 68 View in CoL , figs. 1–5; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Taxonomy: Cannicci and Ng (2017).

Type: Holotype ò ZRC 2016.620 View Materials , and paratypes in ZRC, SWIMS and MZUF.

Type locality: Ting Kok mangroves, Tai Po, Hong Kong.

Distribution: South China: so far from Hong Kong only.

Habitat: Intertidal; tree-climbing on mangroves Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong, 2003 and Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, 1837, at heights 1.5 to 1.8 m above substrate ( Cannicci and Ng 2017).

Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887) View in CoL #

Sesarma (Sesarma) gordoni Shen, 1935: 27 View in CoL , text-fig. 7; Shen 1940a: 236.

Sesarma minutum — Hill et al. 1975: 59; Morton 1976: 103.

Nanosesarma minutum View in CoL — Soh 1978: 10, pl. 3a; Hill et al. 1978: 84; J Jiang and Zhou 1982: 676; ZG Huang and Mak 1982: app.; Melville and Morton 1983: 18, 19 (1 un-numb. fig.); Morton and Morton 1983: 93, figs. 7.3(8), 9.4(8); Britton 1990: tab. 1; Ong Che and Morton 1992: 222; ZG Huang and Lin 1993: app.; Morton and Harper 1995: 54, fig. 8(23); Z Huang et al. 1999: tab. 1; VCS Lai et al. 2006: 61, 2 unnumb. figs.; Bravo et al. 2021: tab. 2.

Nanosesarma gordoni View in CoL — Ong Che and Morton 1992: tab. 1.

Taxonomy: Shen (1935: as Sesarma (S.) gordoni ),

Sakai (1939: as S. (S.) gordoni ), Serène and Soh (1970).

Type: Syntype probably in ZMG (“Zoologischen Museums in Göttingen”; De Man 1888a): status unknown. The ZMG collections have been incorporated into the SMF.

Type locality: Island of Edam near Jakarta, Indonesia.

Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean to South China Sea and East Asia: Phuket ( Thailand), Singapore, Indonesia, China, Taiwan and Japan; exotic species in New Zealand ( Ahyong and Wilkens 2011) and Hawaii ( Davie 1998; Carlton and Eldredge 2009; Castro 2011), possibly through ballast waters ( Brockerhoff and McLay 2011).

Habitat: Intertidal; among fouling or oyster clumps.

Remarks: The species Sesarma (Sesarma) gordoni has been considered to be a junior synonym of minutum by various authors ( Serène and Soh 1970; Davie 1998; Naderloo and Türkay 2009). Records of S. minutum in the Indian Ocean have been shown to be N. sarii Naderloo and Türkay, 2009 (Persian/ Arabian Gulf to Pakistan) and N. jousseaumei ( Nobili, 1906) ( Madagascar, Tanzania to Persian/Arabian Gulf) ( Holthuis 1977; Naderloo and Türkay 2009) instead.