Procladius tatrensis Gowin, 1944

Procladius tatrensis Gowin, 1944 View in CoL

Procladius tatrensis Gowin, 1944 View in CoL — Gowin & Zavrel (1944), Slovakia, adult male, adult female, pupa, larva, description, illustration.

Procladius tatrensis Gowin, 1944 View in CoL — Langton et al. (2013), pupa, key, illustration.

? Trichotanypus simplex Kieffer, 1924 — Kieffer (1924), Norway, adult male, key, description.

? Procladius simplex ( Kieffer, 1924) — Goetghebuer & Lenz (1936a), Norway, adult male, key, description.

Material examined (n = 24). AUSTRIA, 1 adult male (as P. pectinatus, ZSMG ) Lünz , 47.85°N 15.04°E, 604 m a.s.l., +5 °C m.a.t., 1940‒1942, leg. F. Krüger and A. Thienemann GoogleMaps ; 1 adult male (as Procladius sp. , ZSMG), Lake Weissensee , Neusach, 46.71°N 13.31°E, 929 m a.s.l., +5 °C m.a.t., 7.v.1982, leg. B. Janacek. GoogleMaps — FINLAND, 5 adult males (as P.? barbatus, MZHF ), Lake Puruvesi , Koivusaari, 61.48°N 29.46°E, 76 m a.s.l., +3 °C m.a.t., 19.v.1959, leg. B. Lindeberg. GoogleMaps — FRANCE, 3 adult males ( NHRS), Lake Remoray , 46.77°N 6.26°E, 849 m a.s.l., +7 °C m.a.t., iv.2019, leg. B. Tissot GoogleMaps [ Barcoded ] ; 2 adult males, Remoray , svamp, 46.78°N 6.27°E, 848 m a.s.l., +7 °C m.a.t., iv.2019, leg. B. Tissot GoogleMaps [1 Barcoded ] .— ITALY, 1 adult male (as Procladius sp. , MTSN), Lake Scuro del Mandrone , 46.21°N 10.57°E, 2 660 m a.s.l., +1 °C m.a.t., 20.viii.1996, leg. L. Marziali. GoogleMaps — NORWAY, 4 adult males (as Procladius sp. , NHRS), Lake Fantesteinsvatnet , Sognefjellshytta, 61.56°N 8.00°E, 1 408 m a.s.l., ‒1 °C m.a.t., 12.viii.1952, leg. L. Brundin GoogleMaps ; 2 adult males (as P. cf. jeris, ZSMG ), Finse , pond at Hardanger Jökula, 60.6°N 7.4°E, 1 450 m a.s.l., ‒3 °C m.a.t., 2.viii.1985, leg. E.J. Fittkau and F. Reiss. GoogleMaps — SLOVAKIA, 1 adult male (Syntype of P. tatrensis ), Lake Zelené pleso, 49.21°N 20.22°E, 2 012 m a.s.l., ‒1 °C m.a.t., 18.viii.1938, leg. S. Hrabe GoogleMaps ; 3 adult males ( FNSB), Nizne Terianske , 49.17°N 20.01°E, 1 940 m a.s.l., 0 °C m.a.t., 4.viii.2008, leg. P. Bitušík. GoogleMaps — SWITZERLAND, 1 adult male (as P. pectinatus, ZSMG ), Lake Bodensee , Egnach, 47.54°N 9.38°E, 396 m a.s.l., +9 °C m.a.t., 1938, leg. J. Geissbühler. GoogleMaps

Diagnostic characters. Figs. 11 View FIGURES 11‒12 , 25 View FIGURES 24‒27 , 62‒64 View FIGURES 62‒64 , key couplet 7. P. tatrensis has a very long gonostylus process with a GspR that overlaps that of five other species of Procladius in Europe. All of them are efficiently separated from P. tatrensis by more than one other morphological character in the key and the helpdesk, particularly the form of the medioapodeme, wing length, number of median anepisternal setae and antenna AR.

Male P. jeris Roback, 1971 , found in Alaska in the United States, and P. tatrensis have morphologically similar genitalia. In P. tatrensis the caudolateral ends of the ninth tergite are much less produced than in P. jeris , and body size is considerably larger (wing length 3.5‒4.5 mm versus 2.3‒2.7 mm).

The adult female and larva of P. tatrensis have been briefly described, and the pupal exuvia in detail.

Geographical distribution and ecology. The geographical range of P. tatrensis extends from northern Italy at 46°N to 68°N in northern Sweden, encompassing a temperature interval from +9 to ‒3 °C expressed as mean annual temperature.

P. tatrensis is mainly a mountain species present at altitudes above 350 m with or without natural forests. It holds the altitude record for Procladius species in Europe, with findings in the Alps at altitude 2 660 m above sea level in northern Italy and 2 670 m in eastern France. There are records of P. tatrensis higher than 2 000 m also from Slovakia, Austria and Switzerland. Only a record from Finland at 75 m is beyond 300 m above sea level.

P. tatrensis seems to be mainly confined to lakes or ponds with ultraoligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions. There are a few findings from lakes with eutrophic conditions. Larvae have been reported from 3 to 80 m water depth. It is not known what the larvae consume. P. tatrensis larvae can be important food for fish such as Salvelinus in oligotrophic high-altitude lakes. Adults of P. tatrensis are known from mid-May to late September.

Countries with records of P. tatrensis in Europe are Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland.

References. Bitušík 2003; Bitušík et al. 2006; Brundin 1949; Goetghebuer & Lenz 1936a; Gowin & Zavrel 1944; Heiri et al. 2003; Jacobsen & Dangles 2017; Kieffer 1924; Kownacki 2010; Langton et al. 2013; Moubayed-Breil et al. 2018; Moubayed-Breil et al. 2019; Roback 1971; Rossaro et al. 2019; Serra-Tosio 1978; Storå 1937; Thienemann 1941; von Gunten et al. 2008.